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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-901-9 | CAS number: 7778-39-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 996
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In developmental toxicity study, pregnant murine strain (LM/Bc) mice were injected intraperitoneally with sodium arsenate at 40 mg/kg bw during gestation day (GD) 7:12 (day:hour) and 8:12. Control group animals were injected with physiologic saline. Neural tubes were then isolated from both control and arsenic treated embryos at GD 9:00, 9:12, 10:00, and 10:12, which encompasses all the stages of neurulation for this murine strain. Using the molecular techniques of in situ transcription and antisense RNA amplification (RT/aRNA) the expression pattern for bc1-2, p53, wee-1 and wnt-1 was analyzed at each of these time points.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Disodium hydrogenarsenate
- EC Number:
- 231-902-4
- EC Name:
- Disodium hydrogenarsenate
- Cas Number:
- 7778-43-0
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium hydrogen arsenate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Sodium arsenate
- Source: Sigma chemicals, St.Louis, MO
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- other: murine strain (LM/Bc/Fnn)
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- other: Physiologic saline
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on mating procedure:
- - Impregnation procedure: Cohoused, pathogen free virgin females 50-70 days of age were mated with experienced males
- Length of cohabitation: Overnight
- Proof of pregnancy: Presence of vaginal plug (0 day:12 hours) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 days (on day 7:12 hours and day 8:12 hours)
- Frequency of treatment:
- 2 days
- Duration of test:
- 10 gestation days
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
40 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- No data
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Effect levels (maternal animals)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 40 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- other: other:
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEL identified
Results (fetuses)
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:yes. Remark: exencephaly in fetus and neural tube defects in embryos
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1:Relative gene expression values for each cell cycle gene from the isolated neural tubes of LM/Bc embryos during neurulation
Gene |
Gestational day |
|||||||
9:00 |
9:12 |
10:00 |
10:12 |
|||||
Control |
Arsenic |
Control |
Arsenic |
Control |
Arsenic |
Control |
Arsenic |
|
bc1-2 |
1.307±0.11 |
1.858±0.11* |
1.763±0.10a |
1.694±0.12 |
1.365±0.06 |
1.190±0.04 |
1.261±0.04 |
1.383±0.07 |
p53 |
1.191±0.08 |
1.763±0.07* |
1.931±0.17a |
2.00±0.16 |
1.266±0.08 |
1.194±0.06 |
0.998±0.03 |
1.071±0.04 |
wee-1 |
1.166±0.09b |
0.753±0.05 |
1.795±0.21 |
1.385±0.10 |
2.526±0.22 |
2.576±0.24 |
2.947±0.27 |
3.822±0.38 |
wnt-1 |
0.923±0.35c |
0.855±0.04 |
1.006±0.06 |
0.993±0.05 |
1.235±0.04 |
1.272±0.06 |
1.181±0.05 |
1.304±0.06 |
Data are shown as mean±SEM
* Significantly different than control values, p<0.05
aSignificantly greater than control values at the other time points for this gene, p<0.05
bSignificantly less than control values at the other time points for this gene, p<0.05
cSignificantly less than control values at 10:00 and 10:12 for this gene, p<0.05
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, arsenic induces the neural tube defects in exposed embryos of murine strain (LM/Bc) mice.
- Executive summary:
In developmental toxicity study, pregnant murine strain (LM/Bc) mice were injected intraperitoneally with sodium arsenate at 40 mg/kg bw during gestation day (GD) 7:12 (day:hour) and 8:12. Control group animals were injected with physiologic saline. Neural tubes were then isolated from both control and arsenic treated embryos at GD 9:00, 9:12, 10:00, and 10:12, which encompasses all the stages of neurulation for this murine strain. Using the molecular techniques of in situ transcription and antisense RNA amplification (RT/aRNA) the expression pattern for bc1-2, p53, wee-1 and wnt-1 was analyzed at each of these time points.
Treatment of sodium arsenate causes exencephaly in 90 to 100% of the exposed fetuses. In the neural tubes isolated from control embryos, the expression of all four genes (bc1-2, p53, wee-1, and wnt-1) were significantly altered as neurulation progressed, demonstrating their developmental regulation. Following arsenate treatment, however, there was a significant upregulation in the expression of bc1-2 and p53 at gestational day 9:00, compared to their control values. The heightened expression of both these genes suggests that arsenic inhibits cell proliferation, rather than inducing apoptosis, which delayed neural tube closure and led to the neural tube defects in exposed embryos.
Under the test conditions, arsenic induces the neural tube defects in exposed embryos of murine strain (LM/Bc) mice.
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