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EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- chronic toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable with restrictions.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 995
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 798.3260 (Chronic Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-208-1
- EC Name:
- Aluminium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7446-70-0
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminum trichloride
- Details on test material:
- Name of test material :other aluminium chloride
Name of test material: aluminium chloride
-CAS №7446-70-0
-EC № 231-208-1
- Molecular formula : AlCl3
- Molecular weight: 133.34 g/mol (anhydrous), 241.43 g/mol (hexahydrate)
- Smiles notation: Cl[Al](Cl)Cl
- InChl : 1/Al.3ClH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
- Structural formula attached as image file: see Fig.1
- Substance type:inorganic
- Physical state: white or pale yellow solid, hygroscopic
- Odor: odorless
- Density: 2.48 g/cm3 (anhydrous), 1.3 g/cm3 (hexahydrate
- Melting point: 192.4 °C *(anhydrous), 0 °C (hexahydrate)
- Solubility in water:
43.9 g/100 ml (0 °C)
44.9 g/100 ml (10 °C)
45.8 g/100 ml (20 °C)
46.6 g/100 ml (30 °C)
47.3 g/100 ml (40 °C)
48.1 g/100 ml (60 °C)
48.6 g/100 ml (80 °C)
49 g/100 ml (100 °C)
-Solubility : soluble in hydrogen chloride, ethanol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, slightly soluble in benzene
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- Swiss
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on exposure:
- In this study was applied 20 μL of a 0.025 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/mL solution to 4 cm2 of skin (0.1 and 0.4 μg/day) on the dorsal shaved surface of mice for 130 days. The total aluminium applied during this time (0.5 to 2 mg/kg) is comparable to a one day aluminium exposure of humans using topical antiperspirants.
Twenty-four hr urine samples were obtained starting 1 day after completion of aluminium dosing. Blood and brain samples were also obtained. A statistically significant increase was reported in urinary and serum aluminium concentrations after both aluminium exposures, compared to those for non-exposed mice of the same age. This suggests that a small fraction of the typical human use of a topical antiperspirant might produce a measurable increase in urine and tissue aluminium levels.
Dermal exposure of mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age to 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/cm2 increased their brain aluminium levels by 5 to 24%. Using X-ray energy scanning electron microscopy, the authors reported 11 to 120-fold more aluminium in the hippocampus of treated mice than in those of controls, whereas atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of aluminium showed a 1.6 to 2.2-fold increase. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 130 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
20 μL of a 0.025 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/mL solution to 4 cm2 of skin (0.1 and 0.4 μg/day)
Basis:
nominal per unit area
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- nr
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- 20 μL of a 0.025 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/mL solution was applied to 4 cm2 of skin (0.1 and 0.4 μg/day) on the dorsal shaved surface of mice for 130 days. The total aluminium applied during this time (0.5 to 2 mg/kg) is comparable to a one day aluminium exposure of humans using topical antiperspirants.
Twenty-four hr urine samples were obtained starting 1 day after completion of aluminium dosing. Blood and brain samples were also obtained. A statistically significant increase was reported in urinary and serum aluminium concentrations after both aluminium exposures, compared to those for non-exposed mice of the same age. This suggests that a small fraction of the typical human use of a topical antiperspirant might produce a measurable increase in urine and tissue aluminium levels.
Dermal exposure of mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age to 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/cm2 increased their brain aluminium levels by 5 to 24%.
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- 20 μL of a 0.025 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/mL solution was applied to 4 cm2 of skin (0.1 and 0.4 μg/day) on the dorsal shaved surface of mice for 130 days. The total aluminium applied during this time (0.5 to 2 mg/kg) is comparable to a one day aluminium exposure of humans using topical antiperspirants.
Twenty-four hr urine samples were obtained starting 1 day after completion of aluminium dosing. Blood and brain samples were also obtained. A statistically significant increase was reported in urinary and serum aluminium concentrations after both aluminium exposures, compared to those for non-exposed mice of the same age. This suggests that a small fraction of the typical human use of a topical antiperspirant might produce a measurable increase in urine and tissue aluminium levels.
Increases in brain aluminium levels were 19 to 124% over controls. The aluminium concentration in the hippocampus was reported to be 2 to 3 times the rest of the brain in controls and aluminium-exposed mice. This could be an artifact of aluminium contamination, which would be more pronounced in a smaller sample (hippocampus) than in the rest of the brain. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes - Other examinations:
- Dermal exposure of mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age to 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/cm2 increased their brain aluminium levels by 5 to 24%. Using X-ray energy scanning electron microscopy, the authors reported 11 to 120-fold more aluminium in the hippocampus of treated mice than in those of controls, whereas atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of aluminium showed a 1.6 to 2.2-fold increase.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Dermal irritation:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not examined
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- No adverse effects observed below 3.17 (NOAEL)
The total applied dose was 0.5 Al mg/kg bw or 3.17 mg/kg bw as aluminium sulphate.
increased levels of aluminum in the urine of mice exposed above 3.17mg/kg bw (total) applied daily to a 4 cm2 shaved area for 130 days.
Increases in brain aluminium levels were 19 to 124% over controls. The aluminium concentration in the hippocampus was reported to be 2 to 3 times the rest of the brain in controls and aluminium-exposed mice.
Dermal exposure of mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age increased their brain aluminium levels by 5 to 24%.
No adverse effects observed below 0.79 (NOAEL)
Using X-ray energy scanning electron microscopy, the authors reported 11 to 120-fold more aluminium in the hippocampus of treated mice than in those of controls, whereas atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of aluminium showed a 1.6 to 2.2-fold increase.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- adult mice
- Effect level:
- 3.17 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: overall effects No adverse effects observed The total applied dose was 0.5 Al mg/kg bw or 3.17 mg/kg bw as aluminium sulphate
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Remarks:
- adult mice
- Effect level:
- 12.66 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age
- Effect level:
- 0.79 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: overall effects No adverse effects observed The total applied dose was 0.125 Al mg/kg bw or 0.79 mg/kg bw as aluminium sulphate
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age
- Effect level:
- 3.17 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Anane et al. (1995) applied 20 μL of a 0.025 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/mL solution to 4 cm2 of skin (0.1 and 0.4 Al μg/day) on the dorsal shaved surface of mice for 130 days. The total aluminium applied during this time (0.5 to 2 Almg/kg) is comparable to a one day aluminium exposure of humans using topical antiperspirants.
Twenty-four hr urine samples were obtained starting 1 day after completion of aluminium dosing. Blood and brain samples were also obtained. A statistically significant increase was reported in urinary and serum aluminium concentrations after both aluminium exposures, compared to those for non-exposed mice of the same age. This suggests that a small fraction of the typical human use of a topical antiperspirant might produce a measurable increase in urine and tissue aluminium levels.
Increases in brain aluminium levels were 19 to 124% over controls. The aluminium concentration in the hippocampus was reported to be 2 to 3 times the rest of the brain in controls and aluminium-exposed mice. This could be an artifact of aluminium contamination, which would be more pronounced in a smaller sample (hippocampus) than in the rest of the brain.
Dermal exposure of mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age to 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/cm2 increased their brain aluminium levels by 5 to 24%. Using X-ray energy scanning electron microscopy, the authors reported 11 to 120-fold more aluminium in the hippocampus of treated mice than in those of controls, whereas atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of aluminium showed a 1.6 to 2.2-fold increase.
Absorption of aluminium, applied as aluminium chloride, to mouse skin in vitro, was determined in a “static” culture system. Increased aluminium was observed in the compartment that modelled sub-dermal fluid.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No adverse effects observed below 3.17 (NOAEL)
The total applied dose was 0.5 Al mg/kg bw or 3.17 mg/kg bw as aluminium sulphate.
increased levels of aluminum in the urine of mice exposed above 3.17mg/kg bw (total) applied daily to a 4 cm2 shaved area for 130 days.
Increases in brain aluminium levels were 19 to 124% over controls. The aluminium concentration in the hippocampus was reported to be 2 to 3 times the rest of the brain in controls and aluminium-exposed mice.
Dermal exposure of mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age increased their brain aluminium levels by 5 to 24%.
No adverse effects observed below 0.79 (NOAEL) - Executive summary:
20 μL of a 0.025 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/mL solution was applied to 4 cm2 of skin (0.1 and 0.4 μg/day) on the dorsal shaved surface of mice for 130 days. The total aluminium applied during this time (0.5 to 2 mg/kg) is comparable to a one day aluminium exposure of humans using topical antiperspirants.
Twenty-four hr urine samples were obtained starting 1 day after completion of aluminium dosing. Blood and brain samples were also obtained. A statistically significant increase was reported in urinary and serum aluminium concentrations after both aluminium exposures, compared to those for non-exposed mice of the same age. This suggests that a small fraction of the typical human use of a topical antiperspirant might produce a measurable increase in urine and tissue aluminium levels.
Increases in brain aluminium levels were 19 to 124% over controls. The aluminium concentration in the hippocampus was reported to be 2 to 3 times the rest of the brain in controls and aluminium-exposed mice. This could be an artifact of aluminium contamination, which would be more pronounced in a smaller sample (hippocampus) than in the rest of the brain.
Dermal exposure of mice pups from 2 to 22 days of age to 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 μg aluminium chloride/cm2 increased their brain aluminium levels by 5 to 24%. Using X-ray energy scanning electron microscopy, the authors reported 11 to 120-fold more aluminium in the hippocampus of treated mice than in those of controls, whereas atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of aluminium showed a 1.6 to 2.2-fold increase.
Absorption of aluminium, applied as aluminium chloride, to mouse skin in vitro, was determined in a “static” culture system. Increased aluminium was observed in the compartment that modelled sub-dermal fluid.
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