Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable without restrictions. Well-presented study, with relevant measurement of chemical concentrations
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 973
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 452 (Chronic Toxicity Studies)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium
- EC Number:
- 231-072-3
- EC Name:
- Aluminium
- Cas Number:
- 7429-90-5
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminum
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material-other- very fine metallic aluminium powder , Aluminium
- Name of test material : Aluminium
- CAS №: 7429-90-5
- EC №: 231-072-3
- Molecular formula : Al
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 26,98 g•mol−1
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): see Fig.1
- Substance type: metal
- Physical state: solid
- Density : 2.70 g•cm−3
- Melting point: 660.32 ° ,C,
- Boiling point: 2519 ° C,
-Solubilities: Soluble in HCl, H2SO4, hot water, and alkalies, Insoluble in water.
-Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 1284 deg C
-Odor: Odorless
- Color/Form: Silver white ductile metal, cubic
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: rats, hamsters, guinea pigs
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- male/female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- Aluminium oxide dust was used as a negative control. Two chambers, containing 30 rats and 30 hamsters each, were held at dust concentrations of 100 mg/m3of the pyro powder and the atomized metal powder respectively, two additional chambers were held 50 mg/m3of the respective powders. Six chambers, each containing 30 rats and 15 guinea pigs, were maintained at dust concentrations of 15 and 30 mg/m3respectively, for each of the three types of metallic aluminium powders. The animals were exposed for 6 hr daily, 5 days each week, for 6 months for the 50 and 100 mg/m3groups, and for 12 months for all other animals. An additional group of 30 rats and 30 hamsters was exposed to aluminium oxide dust at an average concentration of 75 mg/m3 for 6 months, and 30 rats and 12 guinea pigs were exposed to aluminium oxide at a concentration of 30 mg/m3 for one year.
Intratracheal injection of the aluminium powders at different dose levels was also conducted. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 6 months; some animals were exposed for 1 year.
- Frequency of treatment:
- Animals were exposed for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 6
months; some animals were exposed for 1 year.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
15, 30, 50 , 75 , 100 mg/m3,
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Two chambers, containing 30 rats and 30 hamsters each, Six chambers, each containing 30 rats and 15 guinea pigs, group of 30 rats and 30 hamsters , and group of 30 rats and 12 guinea pigs .
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- Rats, guinea pigs, and hamsters were exposed to 3 different types of aluminium powder (British pyro powderflake like particles, American powder with flake like particles, and powder comprised of atomized spherical particles) in inhalation chambers at varying concentrations.
Animals were exposed for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 6 months; some animals were exposed for 1 year
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Histological examination of the lungs
All three species of animals developed alveolar proteinosis, the severity and extent of which were not consistently or clearly related either to the type of aluminium powder or to the severity of the dust exposure. The alveolar proteinosis resolved spontaneously and the accumulated dust deposits cleared rapidly from the lungs after cessation of exposure. Intratracheal injection of large doses of aluminium powders into rats produced focal pulmonary fibrosis; no fibrosis occurred in the lungs of hamsters following intratracheal injection.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not examined
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- Pulmonary fibrosis was not apparent following inhalation of the aluminium powders in hamsters and guinea pigs; however scattered small scars resulted from foci of lipid pneumonitis in rats.
All three species of animals developed alveolar proteinosis, the severity and extent of which were not consistently or clearly related either to the type of aluminium powder or to the severity of the dust exposure. The alveolar proteinosis resolved spontaneously and the accumulated dust deposits cleared rapidly from the lungs after cessation of exposure. Intratracheal injection of large doses of aluminium powders into rats produced focal pulmonary fibrosis; no fibrosis occurred in the lungs of hamsters following intratracheal injection.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 15 mg/m³ air
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 30 mg/m³ air
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 50 mg/m³ air
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 75 mg/m³ air
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: overall effects Pulmonary fibrosis was not apparent following inhalation of the aluminium powders in hamsters and guinea pigs; however scattered small scars resulted from foci of lipid pneumonitis in rats.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 100 mg/m³ air
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: overall effects Pulmonary fibrosis was not apparent following inhalation of the aluminium powders in hamsters and guinea pigs; however scattered small scars resulted from foci of lipid pneumonitis in rats.
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The results of this experiment indicate that inhalation of fine metallic aluminium powders does not produce fibrogenic effects, and that intratracheal injection of these powders is likely an artefact of the injection itself.
- Executive summary:
The fibrogenic potential of very fine metallic aluminium powder was investigated byGross et al. (1973). Three different types of aluminium powder were tested. Pyro powder and flaked powder were composed of flake-like particles, and the atomized powder consisted of atomized spherical particles.
Aluminium oxide dust was used as a negative control. Two chambers, containing 30 rats and 30 hamsters each, were held at dust concentrations of 100 mg/m3of the pyro powder and the atomized metal powder respectively, two additional chambers were held 50 mg/m3of the respective powders. Six chambers, each containing 30 rats and 15 guinea pigs, were maintained at dust concentrations of 15 and 30 mg/m3respectively, for each of the three types of metallic aluminium powders. The animals were exposed for 6 hr daily, 5 days each week, for 6 months for the 50 and 100 mg/m3groups, and for 12 months for all other animals. An additional group of 30 rats and 30 hamsters was exposed to aluminium oxide dust at an average concentration of 75 mg/m3for 6 months, and 30 rats and 12 guinea pigs were exposed to aluminium oxide at a concentration of 30 mg/m3for one year.
Intratracheal injection of the aluminium powders at different dose levels was also conducted.
Pulmonary fibrosis was not apparent following inhalation of the aluminium powders in hamsters and guinea pigs; however scattered small scars resulted from foci of lipid pneumonitis in rats.
All three species of animals developed alveolar proteinosis, the severity and extent of which were not consistently or clearly related either to the type of aluminium powder or to the severity of the dust exposure. The alveolar proteinosis resolved spontaneously and the accumulated dust deposits cleared rapidly from the lungs after cessation of exposure. Intratracheal injection of large doses of aluminium powders into rats produced focal pulmonary fibrosis; no fibrosis occurred in the lungs of hamsters following intratracheal injection.
The results of this experiment indicate that inhalation of fine metallic aluminium powders does not produce fibrogenic effects, and that intratracheal injection of these powders is likely an artefact of the injection itself.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
![ECHA](/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/echa_logo.png)