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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-778-1 | CAS number: 7726-95-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 1 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 1 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no emission to STP expected
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no exposure of sediment expected
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no exposure of sediment expected
Hazard for air
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no exposure of soil expected
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
Aquatic, sediment and terrestrial toxicity
Bromine in contact with water forms a mixture of brominated oxidants such as hydrobromic and hypobromous acids (See Annex VIII Section 9.2.2.1 Hydrolysis). Oxidants produced from bromine in water are known to be very toxic to aquatic organisms and very reactive. This fact is reflected in the EU Classification and Labelling of bromine as it is classified/labelled with the symbol “N” (dangerous to the environment) and the risk phrase “R50” (very toxic to aquatic organisms). As the reaction products themselves are reactive in the environment they will finally degrade forming inorganic bromide. Inorganic bromide is the principal ultimate degradant from reaction of these species. Bromide occurs naturally in the environment. In the presence of natural waters or test media containing biological molecules, other brominated oxidant species may also be formed. Due to the high water solubility and reactivity of the reaction products it is not expected that considerable amounts will be distributed to soil or sediment. Therefore water can be considered the primary target compartment for bromine degradation products. The available acute toxicity data for three trophic levels in the aquatic environment reflect this short-term toxicity. Any possible long-term toxicity of bromine can be related to bromide. Bromide occurs naturally in the environment and the bromide emissions from industrial use of bromine are unlikely to have an effect on the natural background concentrations due to the strict control of releases. An acute PNEC of 1 μg/L was derived for the freshwater and marine aquatic environment using an assessment factor of 1000.
There is one key study on the effects of bromine on terrestrial plants. Strauss AJ et al (1992) reported that a 20-minute exposure to bromine gas at concentrations of 1, 3 or 5 ppm to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) produced formation of visible circular, adaxial and abaxial surface lesions and leaf compression. Although the degree and type of injury varied, all epidermal and mesophyll cells were affected. At 1 ppm, some cellular changes were reversed when plants were returned to normal environments, but at 5 ppm, the entire cell populations became irreversibly necrotic.
Stringent controls are used to avoid environmental releases.
Bromine will not be released to the environment and due to the reactivity of the substance will not reach sediment or soil.
Conclusion on classification
Bromine is very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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