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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 202-974-4 | CAS number: 101-77-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Phototransformation in water
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- phototransformation in water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Remarks:
- according to GLP.
- Study type:
- direct photolysis
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical method:
- high-performance liquid chromatography
- Light source:
- other: mercury immersion lamp
- Light spectrum: wavelength in nm:
- > 295 - < 490
- Computational methods:
- Using the Quantum yield, half-lives were calculated according to the GC-SOLAR and Frank and Klőpffer programs.
- Parameter:
- max lambda
- Value:
- 243 nm
- Remarks:
- approx.
- Quantum yield (for direct photolysis):
- 0.01
- DT50:
- 75.6 min
- Predicted environmental photolytic half-life:
- 190 days
- Transformation products:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- Quantum yield (phi) = 0.006
Environmental direct photolysis half-life = 190 days
Reference
According to the GC-SOLAR program, the half lives are 3.0 day in summer and 52 d in winter (marginal conditions: pure water from close to the surface, 10th degree of longitude, 50th degree of latitude, clear sky, typical ozone concentrations in the atmosphere). According to the Frank and Klopffer program, the mean values of the half-lives range from 4.0 d in June to 190 d in December (marginal conditions: pure water from close to the surface, stagnant water, geographic and climatic conditions of 50th degree of latitude, no contribution of another mono- or bimolecular eliminiation process). The Frank and Klopffer model is probably closer to real environmental conditions, and corresponding values seem to be more valid. However, dullness and adsorption of surface waters are not considered. Because of these effects, the photolytical active zone is only close to the surface of real surface waters. Considering the total water body, the real environmental half-lives should be at least one order of range higher than the calculated value. Therefore a degradation rate constant of 3.6 . 10-4 d-1 (DT50 = 190 days) may be used in an exposure assessment.
Description of key information
4,4'-MDA exhibits an environmental direct photolysis half-life of 190 days when exposed to a wavelength between 295 and 490 nm in water.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life in water:
- 190 d
Additional information
A mean quantum yield of 0.006 was obtained from two photodegradation experiments. This value was used in two computer programs to provide so-called environmental half-lives for the direct photodegradation of 4,4'-MDA in water. The longest half-life of 190 days (December, 50th degree of latitude and no contribution from other mono- or bimolecular elimination processes) was obtained with the Frank and Klopffer program (Hellpointer & Dehner 1997).
Considering the total water body it is likely that the real environmental half-life is at least one order of magnitude higher than that calculated. Therefore a half-life of 1900 days may be considered to be more appropriate.
Experimental studies from Ekiçi et al., 2001 at different wavelength predicted environmental half-life times between 52.1 and 345 min, at the wavelength > 290 nm two transformation products were identified 4,4’ diaminobenzophenone and 4,4’ diaminobenzidine. These studies were rated not reliable due to major methodologic deficiencies. Nevertheless, these results can be taken into account as additional information.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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