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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 236-068-5 | CAS number: 13138-45-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Soil Effect data sets
Extensive chronic soil toxicity data sets exist for soil microbial processes, plants, and invertebrates. Many individual NOEC/EC10values were screened for quality and relevancy, which resulted in a data set of high quality data that covered many different species. The selected data set covers different families, different trophic levels and feeding patterns for invertebrates, and microbial activities. Chronic toxicity data for individual species were generated in many different soils, enabling a toxicity comparison between soils and the establishment of toxicity soil-type models.
Data for different microbial processes are available, with NOEC/EC10values range from 28 mg Ni/kg for nitrification to 2491 mg Ni/kg for respiration. Additional data are available for enzyme activity measured in soil, with NOEC/EC10values ranging from 7.9 mg Ni/kg for dehydrogenase to 7084 mg Ni/kg for arylsulfatase activity. Data also exist for the growth of different microbial species, with EC10values ranging from 13 mg Ni/kg forAspergillus clavatusto 530 mg Ni/kg forTrichoderma viride.
NOEC/EC10values are available for different plant species, ranging from 10 mg Ni/kg for Spinacea oleraceato 1303.2 mg Ni/kg for Zea mays.
Chronic data are available for different species of arthropod soil invertebrates. NOEC/EC10values range from 31 mg Ni/kg for reproduction by the springtail Folsomia candida (Liue et al, 2015) to 1,783 mg Ni/kg for reproduction byF. candida(Liuet al., 2015).
Acute toxicity LC50values for soil macroinvertebrates range from 52 mg Ni/kg dw forLumbicis terrestris(mortality) to 2,500 mg Ni/kg dw forCaenorhabditis elegans(mortality). The acute EC50(4 d) values for terrestrial plants range from ≥54.5 mg/kg soil d.w. to ≤1928.2 mg/kg for root elongation forHordeum vulgare.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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