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EC number: 231-639-5 | CAS number: 7664-93-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- Sodium sulphate will dissociate under aqueous conditions to form sodium and sulphate ions, whereas sulphuric acid dissociates in solution to form hydrogen and sulphate ions. Both substances therefore dissociate into similar compounds (i.e. sulphate ions), with the main difference being the generation of sodium and hydrogen ions in sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid, respectively. It is therefore justifiable to derive hazard conclusions for sulphate ions generated from the dissociation of sulphuric acid from sodium sulphate data, with regard to ecotoxicological endpoints.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Available study data for sodium sulphate is being used for read-across to the target substance, sulphuric acid.
- Duration:
- 37 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 26 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- A NOEC of approximately 26 g/L is reported for sodium sulphate, incidating that sulphate is essentially non-toxic to activated sludge.
- Executive summary:
Sodium sulphate will dissociate under aqueous conditions to form sodium and sulphate ions, whereas sulphuric acid dissociates in solution to form hydrogen and sulphate ions. Both substances therefore dissociate into similar compounds (i.e. sulphate ions), with the main difference being the generation of sodium and hydrogen ions in sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid, respectively. It is therefore justifiable to derive hazard conclusions for sulphate ions generated from the dissociation of sulphuric acid from sodium sulphate data, with regard to ecotoxicological endpoints.
The authors investigated the effects of inorganic salts (inclduing sodium sulphate) on bacteria in activated sludge. A NOEC of approximately 26 g/L is reported for sodium sulphate, incidating that sulphate is essentially non-toxic to activated sludge.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-standard published study.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Non-standard study investigating effects on bacteria in sewage sludge
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- : older published study, pre-dates GLP
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Sodium sulphate will dissociate under aquoeus conditions to form sodium and sulphate ions.
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 37 d
- Test temperature:
- 18.5-22.5 C
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6-8 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Concentrations: concentrations were increased from 8 to 35 g/l over a time period of 37 days. Concentration steps were 2 - 5 g/l.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 37 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 26 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- A NOEC of approximately 26 g/L is reported for sodium sulphate, incidating that sulphate is essentially non-toxic to activated sludge.
- Executive summary:
The authors investigated the effects of inorganic salts (inclduing sodium sulphate) on bacteria in activated sludge. A NOEC of approximately 26 g/L is reported for sodium sulphate, incidating that sulphate is essentially non-toxic to activated sludge.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- Sodium sulphate will dissociate under aqueous conditions to form sodium and sulphate ions, whereas sulphuric acid dissociates in solution to form hydrogen and sulphate ions. Both substances therefore dissociate into similar compounds (i.e. sulphate ions), with the main difference being the generation of sodium and hydrogen ions in sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid, respectively. It is therefore justifiable to derive hazard conclusions for sulphate ions generated from the dissociation of sulphuric acid from sodium sulphate data, with regard to ecotoxicological endpoints.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Available study data for sodium sulphate is being used for read-across to the target substance, sulphuric acid.
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 30 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- A NOEC of approximately 30 g/L is reported for sodium sulphate.
- Executive summary:
Sodium sulphate will dissociate under aqueous conditions to form sodium and sulphate ions, whereas sulphuric acid dissociates in solution to form hydrogen and sulphate ions. Both substances therefore dissociate into similar compounds (i.e. sulphate ions), with the main difference being the generation of sodium and hydrogen ions in sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid, respectively. It is therefore justifiable to derive hazard conclusions for sulphate ions generated from the dissociation of sulphuric acid from sodium sulphate data, with regard to ecotoxicological endpoints.
The authors investigated the effects of salinity on bacteria in sewage sludge. A NOEC of approximately 30 g/L is reported for sodium sulphate, confirming the essentially low toxicity of sulphate to bacteria in sewage sludge.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-standard published study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Non-standard study investigating effects on bacteria in sewage sludge.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- : older, published study
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Sodium sulphate will dissociate under aqueous conditions to form sodium and sulphate ions.
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 40 d
- Test temperature:
- 20-23C
- pH:
- 7-7.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 2.3-3.5 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- concentrations were increased from 10 to 40 g/l over a time period of ca. 40 days. Concentration steps were 10 g/l.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM - Concentrations: concentrations were increased from 10 to 40 g/l over a time period of ca. 40 days. Concentration steps were 10 g/l. - Exposure vessel: 10 l - Analyses: effluent analyses were done according to APHA standard methods. - pH: 7 - 7.5 - Temperature: 20 - 23 degree C - Dissolved oxygen: 2.3 - 3.5 mg
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 30 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- A NOEC of approximately 30 g/L is reported for sodium sulphate.
- Executive summary:
The authors investigated the effects of salinity on bacteria in sewage sludge. A NOEC of approximately 30 g/L is reported for sodium sulphate, confirming the essentially low toxicity of sulphate to bacteria in sewage sludge.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Remarks:
- Microcosm study investigating chronic effects of pH of protozoa, bacteria and algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published non-standard study investigating pH effects
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Investigation of pH effects in a microcosm study.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- : published, non-guideline study
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- other: total bacteria
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5.34 other: pH
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: pH
- Basis for effect:
- other: bacterial abundance
- Remarks on result:
- other: 100 mg/L
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.61 other: pH
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: pH
- Basis for effect:
- other: bacterial abundance
- Remarks on result:
- other: 88 mg/L
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Bacteria were shown to be relatively insensitive to the effects of acid pH under the conditions of this study.
- Executive summary:
The authors investigated the chronic effects of pH of protozoa, bacteria and algae in a microcosm study using sulphuric acid as a test substance. Bacterial abundance was shown to decrease at pH levels of <= 5.34 (100 mg/L sulphuric aicd), with no effects seen at pH 6.61 (88 mg/L sulphuric acid). Bacteria were shown to be relatively insensitive to the effects of acid pH under the conditions of this study.
Referenceopen allclose all
A NOEC of approximately 26 g/L is reported under the conditions of this study.
A NOEC of approximately 26 g/L is reported under the conditions of this study.
Bacterial abundance decreased at pH levels of 5.34 and less. The concentration of sulphuric acid added to the test systemic to achieve this pH was 100 mg/L. No effect was seen on bacterial abundance at pH levels of 6.61 and above (88 mg/L).
Description of key information
Available non-standard data for the read-across compound sodium sulphate report NOECs for bacteria in sewage sludge of 26 -30 g/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 26 000 mg/L
Additional information
Sulphate is inherently non-toxic to bacteria and is used by strains of anaerobic bacteria as an energy source. Sulphate reducing bacteria are required for the anaerobic digestion of raw sewage sludge. Sulphate is included as a component of the synthetic sewage feed defined by OECD 209. The toxic effects of sulphuric acid will therefore be driven by pH. Available non-standard data for the read-across compound sodium sulphate report NOECs for bacteria in sewage sludge of 26 -30 g/L. Niederlehner & Cairns (1990) investigated the chronic effects of pH of protozoa, bacteria and algae in a microcosm study using sulphuric acid as a test substance. Bacterial abundance was shown to decrease at pH levels of <= 5.34 (100 mg/L sulphuric acid), with no effects seen at pH 6.61 (88 mg/L sulphuric acid). Bacteria were shown to be relatively insensitive to the effects of acid pH under the conditions of this study.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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