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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-639-5 | CAS number: 7664-93-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06.12.2008-15.01.2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Recent experimental results and observations.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples and observations made after 24 and 48 hours.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- To produce the only test concentration 105.5 mg of the test item was added to 1 litre of dilution water. The pH was measured to be pH 4.0 and was adjusted to pH 8.0. with 1 M sodium hydroxide solution. 19 mL of the stock solution was taken and diluted with 1 mL dilution water containing 10 daphnids resulting in a final concentration of 100 mg/L. For each test item concentration and control 2 replicates were prepared.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- A population of parthenogenetic females of synchronized age structure has been maintained for more than 15 years in the test facility under constant temperature conditions (20 +/- 1 °C) at a 16 : 8 hour light-dark photoperiod (illumination: < 1000 lux). The culture water (so-called 'M4 medium') was partly renewed once a week. The Daphnia were exclusively fed with unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) 'ad libitum'. Mortalities of parent Daphnia during the culture period were recorded daily in a semi-quantitative way. The neonates were separated from their parent Daphnia by filtration prior to the acute test.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not applicable
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- During the test a temperature range of 18 - 22°C was maintained in the test vessels, with a maximum temperature fluctuation of +/- 1°C in each individual test.
- pH:
- All samples are maintained at pH 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- The concentration remained above 3 mg/L throughout the exposure period.
- Salinity:
- Not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- Photoperiod; 16 h light and 8 h dark.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- Daphnia were exposed to the test item added to water at a limit test concentration of nominally 100 mg/L for a period of 48 hours. At this concentration no toxic effects against Daphnia were observed at the end of the 48 hour study period. Immobilisation rates were recorded at 24-hour intervals. Analysis of the immoblisation rates gave an EC 50 value of >100 mg/L at both 24 and 48 h.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The immobilisation and other abnormalities in the controls did not exceed 10% by the end of the test. The dissolved oxygen concentration remained above 3 mg/L throughout the exposure period.
- Conclusions:
- The 48hour EC50 for Daphnia magna exposed to sulfuric acid was observed to be >100 mg/L (the highest concentration tested).
- Executive summary:
Daphnia magna were exposed to a limit test concentration of nominally 100 mg/L sulphuric acid dissolved in water. Observations were made on the swimming ability and the immobilisation rate, respectively, after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. There were no observed toxic effects on Daphnia at the limit concentration of 100 mg/L after 48 hours.
Reference
The results collected are summarised below in tables 1 and 2. Analysis of the immobilisation rates showed that there was no toxic effect on Daphnia when exposed to the test item at a concentration of 100 mg/L. No abnormalities were noted.
Table 1: Control
Abiotic parameters |
24 h |
48 h |
Temperature [°C] |
----- |
20.6 |
Oxygen [mg/L] |
----- |
8.5 |
Oxygen [% saturation] |
----- |
96 |
pH value |
----- |
7.8 |
Immobilisation |
24 h |
48 h |
Absolute |
0 |
0 |
Cumulative |
0 |
0 |
Cumulative [%] |
0 |
0 |
Abnormalities * |
24 h |
48 h |
Abnormal colouration |
0/20 |
0/20 |
Abnormal swimming behaviour |
0/20 |
0/20 |
Chemical analysis |
0 h |
48 h |
Sulfate replicates [mg/L] |
5.267 / 5.265 # |
51.356/51.315 |
Comments: *
Daphnia with effects / Daphnia,
+
= all Daphnia immobile
# The values at 0 h were declared as outliers. The values after 48 h of exposure equal the values of the pre-test (51 mg/L) and the theoretical amount of sulfate content of 48 mg/L in the dilution water. Therefore the values after 0 h were replaced with the values after 48 h exposure for further calculations.
Table 2: 100 mg/L
Abiotic parameters |
24 h |
48 h |
Temperature [°C] |
----- |
20.3 |
Oxygen [mg/L] |
----- |
8.6 |
Oxygen [% saturation] |
----- |
96 |
pH value |
----- |
7.9 |
Immobilisation |
24 h |
48 h |
Absolute |
0 |
0 |
Cumulative |
0 |
0 |
Cumulative [%] |
0 |
0 |
Abnormalities * |
24 h |
48 h |
Abnormal colouration |
0/20 |
0/20 |
Abnormal swimming behaviour |
0/20 |
0/20 |
Chemical analysis |
0 h |
48 h |
Sulfate replicates [mg/L] |
102.253/103.352 |
99.512/99.870 |
Sulfate mean values [mg/L] |
102.803 |
99.691 |
Corrected Sulfate values [mg/L](1) |
51.467 |
48.356 |
Test item [mg/L] |
52.547 |
49.370 |
Comments: According to the product informations, 1 mg/L
sulfate equals
1.0210 mg/L of the test item (structural formula: H2SO4,molecular
weight: 98.074 g/moL).
*Daphniawith effects /Daphniamobile, + = allDaphnia immobile
(1)corrected for control values
Description of key information
An EC50 of >100 mg/L is reported in a study in Daphnia magna.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- > 100 mg/L
Additional information
Weyers (2009) performed a study to assess the acute toxicity of sulphuric acid to Daphnia magna STRAUS under static conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with the Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, Method C.2 ‘Acute toxicity for Daphnia’ (2008) which is equivalent to OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 202 'Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test' (adopted April 13, 2004).Daphnia were exposed to a limit test concentration of nominally 100 mg/L sulphuric acid dissolved in water. Observations were made on the swimming ability and the immobilisation rate, respectively, after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. There were no observed toxic effects on Daphnia at the limit concentration of 100 mg/L after 48 hours. The EC50 for this study is therefore >100 mg/L.
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