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EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: other routes
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: other route
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable without restrictions. Well-presented study, with relevant measurement of chemical concentrations
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 997
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method other:
Aluminum was injected (i.p.) as aluminum sulphate (4, 40 and 100 mg/kg body weight, n = 5 per group) daily into day-old White Leghorn male chicks for 7, 15 and 30 days. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- EC Number:
- 233-135-0
- EC Name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 10043-01-3
- Molecular formula:
- Al2(SO4)3
- IUPAC Name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- Test material form:
- solid: compact
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Aluminium sulfate
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: chicks
- Strain:
- other: White Leghorn chicks
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- day-old White Leghorn male chicks
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on exposure:
- Aluminum was injected (i.p.) as aluminum sulphate (4, 40 and 100 mg/kg body weight, n = 5 per group) daily into day-old White Leghorn male chicks for 7, 15 and 30 days.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 30 days.
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
aluminum sulphate (4, 40 and 100 mg/kg body weigh
- Control animals:
- yes
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Aluminum (Al) treatment (100 mg dose) to chicks over 7 and 30 days resulted in a decrease in activities of cytosolic total and CN(-)-sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cerebral hemisphere (CH).
In the 15-day treated group, activities of cytosolic total, CN(-)-sensitive and CN(-)-insensitive SOD of CH were decreased in response to all doses of Al. In the liver, activities of cytosolic total and CN(-)-sensitive SOD were decreased in response to all doses of Al treatment for 7 and 15 days. But 40 and 100 mg doses were effective in decreasing activities of the enzymes in the 30-day treated group.
The catalase (CAT) activity of CH of chicks was inhibited by all doses of Al under treatment for 7 days, but was inhibited only in the case of the 100 mg dose when the duration of treatment was increased to 15 days.
The inhibition was again observed in chicks treated for 30 days in response to 40 and 100 mg doses. CAT activity of liver of chicks was decreased in response to all doses of Al in the 7-day treated group and in response to 40 and 100 mg doses in the 15- and 30-day treated groups. Al treatment did not affect lipid peroxide levels of CH and liver of chicks.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Ophthalmological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- Aluminum (Al) as aluminum sulphate treatment (100 mg dose) to chicks over 7 and 30 days resulted in a decrease in activities of cytosolic total and CN(-)-sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cerebral hemisphere (CH).
In the 15-day treated group, activities of cytosolic total, CN(-)-sensitive and CN(-)-insensitive SOD of CH were decreased in response to all doses of Al. In the liver, activities of cytosolic total and CN(-)-sensitive SOD were decreased in response to all doses of Al treatment for 7 and 15 days.
But 40 and 100 mg doses were effective in decreasing activities of the enzymes in the 30-day treated group. The catalase (CAT) activity of CH of chicks was inhibited by all doses of Al under treatment for 7 days, but was inhibited only in the case of the 100 mg dose when the duration of treatment was increased to 15 days. The inhibition was again observed in chicks treated for 30 days in response to 40 and 100 mg doses. CAT activity of liver of chicks was decreased in response to all doses of Al in the 7-day treated group and in response to 40 and 100 mg doses in the 15- and 30-day treated groups. Al treatment did not affect lipid peroxide levels of CH and liver of chicks.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- dose level: 4
- Effect level:
- 4 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Dose descriptor:
- dose level: 40
- Effect level:
- 40 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Dose descriptor:
- dose level: 100
- Effect level:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Al treatment as aluminum sulphate did not affect lipid peroxide levels of CH and liver of chicks.
- Executive summary:
Aluminum was injected (i.p.) as aluminum sulphate (4, 40 and 100 mg/kg body weight, n = 5 per group) daily into day-old White Leghorn male chicks for 7, 15 and 30 days.
Aluminum (Al) as aluminum sulphate treatment (100 mg dose) to chicks over 7 and 30 days resulted in a decrease in activities of cytosolic total and CN(-)-sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cerebral hemisphere (CH).
In the 15-day treated group, activities of cytosolic total, CN(-)-sensitive and CN(-)-insensitive SOD of CH were decreased in response to all doses of Al. In the liver, activities of cytosolic total and CN(-)-sensitive SOD were decreased in response to all doses of Al treatment for 7 and 15 days.
But 40 and 100 mg doses were effective in decreasing activities of the enzymes in the 30-day treated group. The catalase (CAT) activity of CH of chicks was inhibited by all doses of Al under treatment for 7 days, but was inhibited only in the case of the 100 mg dose when the duration of treatment was increased to 15 days. The inhibition was again observed in chicks treated for 30 days in response to 40 and 100 mg doses. CAT activity of liver of chicks was decreased in response to all doses of Al in the 7-day treated group and in response to 40 and 100 mg doses in the 15- and 30-day treated groups. Al treatment did not affect lipid peroxide levels of CH and liver of chicks.
These results suggest that decrease in activities in SOD and CAT in CH and liver of the chicks after Al treatment constitutes one of the factors for the mechanism of tissue injury by Al.
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