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EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional ecotoxological information
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional ecotoxicological information
- Type of information:
- other: handbook data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: handbook with reliable values
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Environmental and ecotoxicological effects of aluminium in water
- Author:
- Lenntech organization
- Year:
- 1 993
- Bibliographic source:
- /http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/water/aluminium/aluminum-and-water.htm
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study / information:
- Environmental and ecotoxicological effects of aluminium in water
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium
- EC Number:
- 231-072-3
- EC Name:
- Aluminium
- Cas Number:
- 7429-90-5
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminum
- Test material form:
- solid: compact
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Aluminum may negatively affect terrestrial and aquatic life in different
ways. Regular aluminum concentrations in groundwater are about 0.4 ppm,
because it is present in soils as water insoluble hydroxide. At pH
values below 4.5 solubility rapidly increases, causing aluminum
concentrations to rise above 5 ppm. This may also occur at very high pH
values.
Dissolved Al3+-ions are toxic to plants; these affect roots and decrease
phosphate intake. As was mentioned above, when pH values increase
aluminum dissolves. This explains the correlation between acid rains and
soil aluminum concentrations. At increasing nitrate deposition the
aluminum amount increases, whereas it decreases under large heather and
agricultural surfaces. In forest soils it increases.
Aluminum is not a dietary requirement for plants, but it may positively
influence growth in some species. It is taken up by all plants because
of its wide distribution in soils. Grass species may accumulate aluminum
concentrations of above 1% dry mass.
Acid rain dissolves minerals in soils, and transports these to water
sources. This may cause aluminum concentrations in rivers and lakes to
rise.
Aluminum naturally occurs in waters in very low concentrations. Higher
concentrations derived from mining waste may negatively affect aquatic
biocoenosis. Aluminum is toxic to fish in acidic, unbuffered waters
starting at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Simultaneous electrolyte
shortages influence gull permeability, and damage surface gull cells.
Aluminum is mainly toxic to fish at pH values 5.0-5.5. Aluminum ions
accumulate on the gulls and clog these with a slimy layer, which limits
breathing. When pH values decrease, aluminum ions influence gull
permeability regulation by calcium. This increases sodium losses.
Calcium and aluminum are antagonistic, but adding calcium cannot limit
electrolyte loss. This mainly concerns young animals. An aluminum
concentration of 1.5 mg/L turned out to be fatal to trout. The element
also influences growth of freshwater bony fish.
Phytoplankton contains approximately 40 -400 ppm aluminum (dry mass),
which leads to a bioconcentration factor of 104-105 compared to seawater.
Terrestrial organisms also contain some aluminum. Examples: mosquito larvae 7-33 ppm, springtails 36-424 ppm (dry mass). Together, pH values and aluminum concentrations determine larvae mortality.
A number of LD50 values for rats are known for aluminum. For oral intake this is 420 mg/kg for aluminum chloride, and 3671 mg/kg for aluminum nonahydrate. The mechanism of toxicity is mainly based on enzyme inhibition.
Only one non-radioactive aluminum isotope occurs naturally. There are eight instable isotopes.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Aluminum is not a dietary requirement for plants, but it may positively influence growth in some species. It is taken up by all plants because of its wide distribution in soils. Grass species may accumulate aluminum concentrations of above 1% dry mass.
Acid rain dissolves minerals in soils, and transports these to water sources. This may cause aluminum concentrations in rivers and lakes to rise.
Aluminum naturally occurs in waters in very low concentrations. Higher concentrations derived from mining waste may negatively affect aquatic biocoenosis.
The element also influences growth of freshwater bony fish.
Phytoplankton contains approximately 40-400 ppm aluminum (dry mass), which leads to a bioconcentration factor of 104-105 compared to seawater.
Terrestrial organisms also contain some aluminum. Examples: mosquito larvae 7-33 ppm, springtails 36-424 ppm (dry mass).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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