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EC number: 223-445-4 | CAS number: 3896-11-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
Reference
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 222 (Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei))
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The test substance is a solid material. The water solubility is not enough to prepare a
sufficient stock solution with deionized water. Therefore, the test substance was added
to the quartz sand (25 g), thoroughly mixed and later added to 2500 g (dry weight) of
prepared test substrate.
The required amounts of artificial soil were weighed into a mixing tray. The test substance
/ quartz sand mixtures were added and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Thereafter, the
water content of the soil was adjusted to about 50% WHCmax using deionized water and
was mixed once again. The test mixtures were distributed to the test units. - Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- Species: Eisenia fetida
Reason for selection of species: Recommended by the test guideline
Breeding facility: BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology,
67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
Only adult worms (with clitellum) with a fresh weight between 300 and 600 mg were used.
The worms that were introduced into the test were bred in horse manure and had an age
from about 11 months.
Acclimatization:
Before starting the test, the worms selected were acclimatized in the test substrate in a
plastic box under test conditions through overnight under permanent light and without
feeding. For this, a plastic box was filled up with approx. 750 g test substrate (Dw) and
added with a sufficient number of adult worms that were sorted out from the breeding
boxes. - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 56 d
- Test temperature:
- 19.6° C – 22.0° C
- pH:
- pH value of the dry test substrate: 6.4 (mean value of 2 single values; 6.4/6.4)
- Moisture:
- Water content in the test: 42.5% WHCmax (mean value)
- Details on test conditions:
- Test temperature: 19.6° C – 22.0° C
Measurement of the temperature: In a separate vessel, filled with about 750 g
test substrate (dry weight), around two times
per week during the exposure time with an
electronic thermometer. The water content of
this vessel was adjusted initially (on day 0) to
the water content of test vessels.
Test container: Plastic dishes with a volume of about 1.0 L,
dimensions 11×15.5×6.5 [cm] with transparent
and punctured lid
Test substrate per test container: Approx. 667 g artificial soil (wet weight)
Number of animals / test container: 10
Worm weight at start of exposure: Body weight of all added worms in the
required range of 300-600 mg
Number of replicates: 8 replicates for control and 4 replicates for
each test substance concentration
Number of test substance
concentrations: 5
Determination of water content of
the dry test substrate: 0.5% (mean of 2 single values: 0.5%/0.5%)
Illumination: Light/dark cycle of 16:8 hours, over the
exposure period
Measurement of light intensity,
once at start of exposure:
532 Lux, (mean of 5 single measurements:
733, 503, 460, 513 and 453 [Lux])
Measurement of the temperature at
adaptation: 21.6° C
Measurement of light intensity,
once at start of adaption: 705 Lux
pH value of the dry test substrate: 6.4 (mean value of 2 single values; 6.4/6.4)
Water content in the test: 42.5% WHCmax (mean value)
In the control group, eight test units and in each further treatment group, four test units
were used. These were closed with perforated lids and placed in a temperature-controlled
incubation room and a photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark.
Day 0 (test preparation)
For each test concentration, required aliquots of the test substance were mixed with
25 g quartz sand. The quartz/substance mixtures were blended with approx. 2500 g
(Dw) of artificial soil. After adjusting the water content to 50 ±10% WHCmax (nominal
value), the test mixtures were distributed to the test units. The test mixture of the
control contained only quartz sand without test substance. Eight replicates were
prepared for the control assay and four replicates were prepared for each test
substance concentration. The pH-values and the moisture of the test assays were
determined once for each concentration (samples were taken from the mixing
container).
Day 0 (Introduction of the worms)
The acclimatized worms were weighed and distributed into 28 test units, each unit
containing 10 individuals. The animals were put onto the soil surface of each test
unit. No behavioural changes were observed during the introduction of worms.
Day 1 of the Test:
No abnormalities or behavioural changes were observed.
Feeding: About 5 g dried mixture of cow manure were sprayed on to the soil
surface of each test container. The food was moistened with about 5-6 mL
deionized water per test container.
Determination of the initial weight of the test vessels were carried out for later
comparison with its actual initial weights.
Day 7 of the Test
No abnormalities or behavioural changes were seen.
The weight of the test containers was verified.
Feeding and moistening: The consumption of food was recorded for each test
container. No decreased feeding activity was recorded. About 5g dried cow manure
was spread on the soil surface of each test container. The food was moistened with
5-6 mL deionized water per test container. The total weights of the test containers
were determined which is used on day 14 for comparison.
Day 14 of the Test:
No abnormalities or behavioural changes were reported.
The weight of each test container was compared with the weight of the previous
feeding days.
Feeding and moistening: The consumption of food was recorded for each test
container and no decreased feeding activity was recorded. About 5 g dried cow
manure was spread on the soil surface of each test container. The food was
moistened with 5-6 mL deionized water per test container to compensate the loss
of water in comparison with the initial weight of the test container. The test
containers were weighed again.
Day 21 of the Test:
No abnormalities or behavioural changes were seen.
The weight of each test container was compared with the weight of the previous
feeding day i.e., day 14.
Feeding and moistening: The consumption of food was recorded for each test
container and no decreased feeding activity was recorded. About 5 g dried cow
manure was spread on to the soil surface of each test container. The food was
moistened with 5-6 mL deionized water per test container to compensate the water
loss compared to the previous feeding day. Later, the new weight was recorded.
Day 28 of the Test:
The feeding activity was recorded and no changes in food consumption
compared to previous days were documented.
Moistening: The weight of each test container was compared with the previous
feeding day. The loss of water was compensated by addition of deionized water.
The test container was emptied to another tray and the adult worms were
recovered from each of the test containers. During this process, no morphological
or behavioral changes were found. The number of surviving adult worms in each
test container was documented. Worms were classified as dead when they did
not respond to a gentle mechanical stimulus to the front end. The individual weight
of the surviving adult worms from each replicate was recorded.
Feeding: Dried food material (5 g per test container separately) was gently
blended into the test substrate. Then the test substrate (including cocoons and
juvenile worms, if any) were placed back into the test containers. The new initial
weight of the test vessels for the comparison of the actual weight was noted.
The test containers were closed again. For another 28 days, they were
investigated under the same conditions as described above.
Day 36 of the Test:
No abnormal changes were observed.
Moistening: The weight of each test container was determined, and the loss of
water was compensated by the addition of deionized water.
Day 42 and 49 of the Test:
No abnormal morphological or behavioral changes were observed.
Moistening: The weight of each test container was determined, and the loss of
water was compensated by the addition of deionized water.
Day 56 of the Test:
The juvenile worms were brought to the surface of the test substrate by using the
water bath method (at a setting of 59.6 °C). During this process morphological and
behavioral changes and the number of juveniles in each test container were
recorded. No morphological and behavioral changes were observed. The
juveniles from the control units were larger and healthy compared to those from
the test concentration groups.
The pH-value and the moisture content of the test substrate were also determined
as single determinations from a representative test substrate sample, taken from
one of the replicates of each test concentration. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0 (control), 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Dw
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Carbendazim
- Key result
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: biomass change
- Details on results:
- In this 56-day study assessing the toxicity of 2-(5-chloro(2H)-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4-
(methyl)-6-(tert-butyl)phenol, adult earth worms of the species Eisenia fetida were
exposed to nominal concentrations of 0 mg (control), 62.5 mg, 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg
and 1000 mg/kg dry weight in accordance with the OECD 222 guideline.
The mortality and the body weight change of the adult worms were observed and
recorded on day 28.
The reproduction, number of juveniles per test vessel 56 days after application was
observed.
Adult worms:
No mortality of adult worms was observed in the controls and in all replicates with
test substance
NOECMortality: ≥ 1000 mg test substance/kg soil (dw)
LOECMortality: > 1000 mg test substance /kg soil (dw).
NOECBiomass change: ≥ 1000 mg test substance/kg soil (dw)
LOECBiomass change: > 1000 mg test substance /kg soil (dw)
No significant differences were obtained in the statistical analysis (Williams Test one
sided and Dunnett test one sided p ≤0.05) concerning the mean body weight change of
individual adults per replicate over 28 days between the control and all replicates of the
tested test substance concentrations.
Juvenile worms:
Reproduction by count of juvenile worms:
NOECReproduction: ≥ 1000 mg test substance/kg soil (dw)
LOECReproduction: > 1000 mg test substance/kg soil (dw)
No ECx calculations were performed, because there was no dose response relationship.
The results in this study are consistent with all validity criteria and the test is valid
according to the test guideline of this study. No deviations from the test guidelines or other
incidents occurred during the reported test, which may have influenced the results. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The reference substance BAS 346 F (Carbendazim) was tested by a non-GLP project
68E0902/00G027 (start of exposure 15 April 2019). The result of the reference substance is presented below.
ECx values [mg/kg soil (dw)], reproduction by counting juvenile worms, conf. limits 95%
EC10: 0.56 LCL: 0.45 UCL: 0.71
EC50: 1.03 LCL: 0.91 UCL: 1.16 - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Validity criteria:
Mean mortality in the control should be ≤ 10 %. The reproduction in the controls should
be at least 30 juveniles per container and the coefficient of variance of reproduction in
the control should be ≤ 30 %.
All validity criteria were met. After 28 days, no adult worm in the control assay was dead.
Around 280 juveniles (mean value) were counted in the test units of the control assay.
The mortality of the adult worms in the control was <10 % and the coefficient of variation
concerning to the offspring juvenile worms in the pooled control assay was 7.6%.
Data source
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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