Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 936-414-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Electron microscopy images show that the registrants’ Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) consist of tightly bound agglomerates consisting of tangled tubes. In dispersions, the median diameters of these agglomerates are in the range of 533 - 569 µm with a D90 in the range of 679 - 945 µm (analysis with laser diffraction) (Voetz, 2010a; Voetz, 2011a). These data correspond to results obtained by digital microscopy where the median diameter was 842 µm (D90=995 µm (Voetz 2011d).
The size of the agglomerates is not significantly reduced when MWCNT is aerosolised in the dry state and analysed with a Malvern particle size analyzer at pressures of 1 and 4 bar. Depending on pressure, the mean particle diameters are in the range of 85 to 427 µm (D90: 228-1172 µm) and the inhalable fraction (under 10 µm) is very small (0 % at 1 bar and 0.19 % at 4 bar) (Lecloux, 2011b).
The tubes within the MWCNT agglomerates can be described as short, thin and tangled. Specifically, they display an outer tube diameter distribution of at least 90 % under 30 nm (D90 <= 30 nm). Single results were D90 = 18 nm, 24 nm and 12.7 nm. The mean outer diameter range was 10 nm, 13.4 nm and 9.2 nm (Voetz, 2010b; Voetz, 2011b; Lecloux, 2011c).
The tube length distribution of MWCNT was measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy after dispersion in aqueous medium after sonication. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) any particle > 5 μm long with an aspect ratio equal to or greater than 3:1 and a diameter < 3 μm is considered a fiber. The mean tube length was 380 - 902 nm (D90 = 980 - 1820 nm). In all cases length D90 was lower than 5 µm (Voetz, 2010c; Voetz, 2011c; Voetz, 2010d; Cox, 2008).
Additional information
Only studies performed with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier are considered to be relevant for this submission.
Although a large number of studies on MWCNT have recently been published, clear characterisation of the test materials including sample preparation is often missing although this is quite essential for ensuring reproducibility and reliability of a study. Importantly, modifications of some specific characteristics of the MWCNT tested such as variations in tube diameter or length distribution might give rise to differences in the (eco-)toxicological profile.
Effects of different MWCNT seem to depend on the form (length) and physico-chemical properties (metal content, aggregation/agglomeration, surface chemistry, and functionalisation). Thus, for the time being a case-by-case approach is appropriate and the hazard assessment for MWCNT meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier is based solely on the information collected with this form of MWCNT. That is the reason why a comprehensive documentation is restricted to all available and relevant data on MWCNT meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier. That means on the other hand that the values used for any risk assessment should not be used for all MWCNT or for CNT in general, as the results obtained with one particular type of MWCNT may not necessarily be relevant for other CNT with other dimensions and properties.
However, the information on MWCNT not meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier (because the differences can be tracked back to the original papers or because the characterisation of the materials was unclear or incomplete) is also included in the IUCLID dossier but the entries are restricted to information on the data source.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.