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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 936-414-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Distribution modelling
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- distribution modelling
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: PNEC deviation: not reliable PEC calculation model well described but not fully reproducible.
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The study reports "risk quotients" (PEC/PNEC) for carbon nanotubes. Although the PNECs have been compiled from the literature but the authors state a "low accuracy" of the data. Furthermore the PNECs are based on data for carbon nanotubes which are not covered by this registration as the materials do not have the form as described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID. Thus, the PNECs reported by the authors shall not be used within this registration which means that also the PEC/PNEC ratios calculated shall not be used. However, the estimation of the PECs can - at least to some extent - be used to assess the distribution of MWCNT in the environment. The simulation model is based on scientific principles. The basic data used for the simulation model are well described. However, for the calculation of the PECs, production volumes have been used as most relevant input parameters for the model, but the basis for these productions data was not presented. Due to the uncertainty of the production volumes, the absulte PEC results should be used with care. Nevertheless, the model gives a clear indication in which compartments and to what percentage (air, landfill, soil, surface water, sediment) carbon nanotubes can be expected.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Modeled environmental concenetrations of engineered naomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullereness) of different regions
- Author:
- Gottschalk F, Sonderer T, Scholz RW, Nowack B
- Year:
- 2 009
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009 43, 9216-9222
Materials and methods
- Model:
- other: "Probabilistic material flow modeling for assessing the environmental exposure to compounds" according to the method cited in: Gottschalk, F.; Scholz, R. W.; Nowack, B. Probabilistic material flow modeling for assessing the environmental exposure to compo
- Calculation programme:
- In this study, predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) were calculated based on a probabilistic material flow analysis from a life-cycle perspective of ENM containing products. The environmental concentrations were calculated as probabilistic density functions and were compared to data from ecotoxicological studies. The material flow of ENMs for the United States, Europe and Switzerland were examined.
- Release year:
- 2 008
- Media:
- other: water, air, soil, sediment, and groundwater
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Carbon Nanotubes
- IUPAC Name:
- Carbon Nanotubes
- Details on test material:
- Test material identity does not meet the form as described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier and/or it cannot be proved beyond reasonable doubtthat the test material identity meets the form as described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier.
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Please look at "attached background material" for more details on results
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
For Carbon Nanotubes (CNT), the most prominent flows for service life were - starting form production, manufacturing, and consumption (PMC) - landfill and waste incineration. Only minor amounts reach the environment via the direct air pathway and via waste water and sewage treatment plant. Calculations performed for Europe, US and Switzerland show the same tendency: Concentrations in air were calculated to be <0.01 ng/m3. The yearly increase in concentration in soil and sediment is in the range of 100 ng/kg (soil) and 250 ng/kg (sediment). Concentrations in water were reported to be in the fg/L range.
Model data inidcate that the main pathway of CNTs to the environment is via STPs. The main part is expected in sewage sludge, and therefore also sludge treated soil is affected. Discharges of CNTs via STP effluents will result in small portions parts in suface water. CNTs are expected to mainly sediment from surface water. The air compartment is not of importance for CNTs.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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