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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-439-8 | CAS number: 106-89-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No data on GLP, study conducted prior to the advent of GLPs, detailed information on test conditions and results (i.e., individual animal scores for PDII) were not given in the publication.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 967
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To investigate irritation, the substance was applied to the skin of a rabbit according the methods of Draize and Woodward in quantities of 0.1-0.5 ml for a duration of either 2 or 24 hours.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
- EC Number:
- 203-439-8
- EC Name:
- 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
- Cas Number:
- 106-89-8
- Molecular formula:
- C3H5ClO
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane
- Details on test material:
- technical grade epichlorohydrin (density 1.18 @ 20 C).
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Test Animals: Rabbits, number tested, strain, sex, age, source and weight at study initiation, unknown
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.5 ml or 0.1 to 0.2 ml
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours (0.5 ml) or 2 hours (0.1 to 0.2 ml)
- Observation period:
- up to 30 days
- Number of animals:
- No data
- Details on study design:
- Administration/Exposure: Draize and Woodard, 1949; Area of Exposure: unknown; Examinations: Draize and Woodard, 1949
Results and discussion
In vivo
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- other: necrosis
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- >= 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 30 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: reversibility based on histopathologic examination
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Epichlorohydrin applied on the skin in quantities of 0.5 ml for 24 hours caused appearance of a lesion presenting as a central zone of coagulation necrosis surrounded by hard swelling also affecting the superficial layers of the dermis. At the periphery of the lesion was a zone of erythema of various intensities with numerous petechial hemorrhages covering the application area. The application of smaller quantities, 0.1 to 0.2 ml, for a shorter period, 2 hours, resulted in the appearance of a similar lesion but of less intensity and reduced dimensions. In all cases after two to three days the zones of necrosis and erythema were covered by eschar which healed slowly (after 30 days for the 0.5 ml application). Following recovery the macroscopic appearance of the skin was normal.
- Other effects:
- Epichlorohydrin, applied to the skin in 0.5 ml aliquots for 24 hours, caused the appearance of a lesion presenting a central zone of necrosis and scabbing, surrounded by firm edema, present also in the underlying superficial dermis. At the edge the lesion had a zone of erythema of varying intensity, with numerous petechial hemorrhages, extending beyond the area in contact with epichlorohydrin. Application of smaller quantities, 0.1-0.2 ml, for a shorter period, 2 hours, resulted in the development of similar lesions, but much reduced in intensity and size. In all cases, after 2-3 days, the zones of necrosis and erythema had resolved to the point of eschar formation which was persistent (30 days after the 0.5 ml application), but in which healing proceeded normally macroscopically.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Doses of 0.1 -0.2 ml applied to the skin for 2 hours was necrotic with healing noted histopathologically. Higher doses for 24 hours resulted in a more severe response.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (corrosive) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The test material was corrosive to the skin of rabbits.
- Executive summary:
To investigate irritation, the substance was applied to the skin of a rabbit according the methods of Draize and Woodward in quantities of 0.1-0.5 ml for a duration of either 2 or 24 hours. Epichlorohydrin, applied to the skin in 0.5 ml aliquots for 24 hours, caused the appearance of a lesion presenting a central zone of necrosis and scabbing, surrounded by firm edema, present also in the underlying superficial dermis. At the edge the lesion had a zone of erythema of varying intensity, with numerous petechial hemorrhages, extending beyond the area in contact with epichlorohydrin. Application of smaller quantities, 0.1-0.2 ml, for a shorter period, 2 hours, resulted in the development of similar lesions, but much reduced in intensity and size. In all cases, after 2-3 days, the zones of necrosis and erythema had resolved to the point of eschar formation which was persistent (30 days after the 0.5 ml application), but in which healing proceeded normally macroscopically.
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