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EC number: 217-615-7 | CAS number: 1910-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 07 May 1992 to 21 May 1992
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US EPA Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision J, Hazard Evaluation: Non target plants EPA 540/09-86-134
- Version / remarks:
- 1986
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- The test concentration were analytically determined on day 8 and 14.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A 1000 mL stock solution (nominal concentration 51200 μg/L) was prepared by the direct addition of the test substance to sterile culture medium. The three highest nominal concentration test solutions were prepared, using sterile medium, by the addition of an aliquot of this stock. All lower test_concentrations were similarly prepared, using aliquots of the nominal 512 μg/L test solution. The control consisted of culture medium only. All final solution volumes were 1000 mL and contained nutrients (Hoagland's M-Medium).
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Duckweed
- Strain: G3
- Source: University of Waterloo, Canada.
- Method of cultivation: The cultures were grown in the medium, and under the environmental conditions, described for the test. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Test temperature:
- 24.9 - 25.4 °C
- pH:
- - New solutions: 4.5 - 4.9
- Old solutions: 4.8 - 5.6 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 0 (control), 4.0, 8.0, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 μg/L
- Mean measured concentrations:- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: Yes; The cultures were incubated at 25 ± 1 °C in a Gallankamp INR-401 type incubator
- Test vessel: The test vessels were borosilicate glass cylindrical dishes of 400 mL nominal capacity
- Type: Closed
- Fill volume: 160 mL
- Type of cover: Loose-fitting lids
- Aeration: No
- No. of colonies per vessel: 3
- No. of fronds per colony: 4
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: The culture medium used for the test, and for the maintenance of cultures of the duckweed used as inoculum for the test was that described by Hillman, and known as M-Hoagland's M-medium.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Continuous
- Light intensity and quality: Approximately 5000 lux; the cultures were illuminated using "warm-white" lights.
WATER QAULITY PARAMETERS
- pH: The pH of each newly prepared ("on") test solution was measured on days 0, 4, 8 and 11, using the excess remaining after filling the test vessels. The pH of 2 replicates of replaced ("old") test solutions were similarly measured, after plant transfer, on days 4, 8, 11 and 14. The measurements were made using a Coming Model 240 pH meter.
- Temperature: The temperature of the incubator was measured daily by thermometer and at hourly intervals using an automatic recording system. The light intensity was measured once during each week of the study, using a Skye Instruments photometer.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: plant number, frond number, symptoms of toxicity, dry weight
On days 1, 4, 6, 8, 11 and 14 the number of plants and the number of fronds were counted and recorded for each test vessel. All fronds which visibly projected beyond the edge of the parent frond were counted. Any other symptoms of toxicity were recorded. At the end of the test (14 days) the duckweed from each vessel was rinsed briefly in distilled water and dried to constant weight at 60°C. The dry weight of the tissue was determined.- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 52.3 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: recalculated value, expressed as pure substance, see ‘any other information on results incl. tables’ for respective calculation
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 113 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I.: 101 - 127 µg/L
- Remarks:
- Original value as presented in the study report
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 29.6 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: recalculated value, expressed as pure substance, see ‘any other information on results incl. tables’ for respective calculation
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 64 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: Original value as presented in the study report
- Details on results:
- The results are presented in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'
- Frond growth: No significant inhibition of frond growth was identified at nominal concentrations of 64 μg/L and below. Significant inhibition was observed in the three higher concentration treatments in a dose-dependent matter.
- Dry weight: No significant effect on dry weight increase was noted in nominal concentrations of 64 μg/L and below. Significant decrease in dry weights was observed in the three higher concentration treatments in a dose-dependent matter.
- Symptoms of toxicity: From day 4 onwards, plants in the 128, 256 and 512 μg/L test concentrations started to exhibit progressively more marked visible effects, including paler frond colouration and small size, less root growth, abnormal colony configurations and flotation patterns. A similar pattern was visible in the 64 μg/L test concentration from day 6 onwards. On day 14, the plants in the 32 μg/L test replicates were recorded as having pale colouration in some fronds and visibly reduced root growth. With the exception of the observation that plants in one replicate of the 8.0 μg/L test concentration appeared to have a smaller colony size and less root growth on day 11 only, there were no observed symptoms at, or below, the nominal 16 μg/L test concentration when compared to the control. Therefore, the transient variation in growth at the 8.0 μg/L test concentration was considered not to have been due to any effect by the test substance.- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The data for increase in number of fronds were examined by one-sided analysis of variance, and Dunnett's procedure was used to identify significant inhibition (P=0.05, one-sided) compared with the control. The data for weight increase were analysed as described for frond increase, to identify significant inhibition (P=0.05) compared with the control.
Table: Frond and plant numbers
Nominal concentration of technical test material
(µg/L)
Replicate
Number of fronds (Number of plants)
Day 1
Day 4
Day 6
Day 8
Day 11
Day 14
Control
A
B
C
Mean
14
13
13
13
(4)
(3)
(3)
44
33
40
39
(8)
(6)
(6)
66
49
62
59
(11)
(9)
(10)
103
89
103
98
(18)
(15)
(19)
186
157
168
170
(42)
(33)
(40)
280
230
271
260
(66)
(51)
(62)
4.0
A
B
C
Mean
13
14
13
13
(4)
(4)
(4)
37
38
37
37
(5)
(6)
(6)
53
51
60
55
(12)
(11)
(12)
97
91
95
94
(14)
(15)
(19)
178
162
162
167
(38)
(34)
(35)
259
248
306
271
(60)
(60)
(60)
8.0
A
B
C
Mean
13
15
13
14
(4)
(3) (3)
35
35
36
35
(6)
(6)
(6)
53
55
56
55
(10)
(11)
(11)
89
92
92
91
(16)
(18)
(17)
170
117
163
150
(34)
(43)
(35)
256
214
270
247
(91)
(53)
(66)
16
A
B
C
Mean
12
14
14
13
(4)
(4)
(4)
34
39
36
36
(6)
(6)
(6)
49
64
57
57
(11)
(12)
(11)
88
97
93
93
(17)
(21)
(19)
174
194
196
188
(33)
(43)
(35)
289
343
284
305
(73)
(86)
(79)
32
A
B
C
Mean
13
13
13
13
(4)
(3)
(3)
33
42
30
35
(6)
(6)
(6)
56
61
46
54
(9)
(12)
(9)
95
104
83
94
(16)
(22)
(12)
193
205
168
189
(41)
(47)
(34)
292
344
298
311
(79)
(84)
(72)
64
A
B
C
Mean
13
15
14
14
(4)
(3)
(3)
33
39
34
35
(6)
(6)
(6)
45
49
48
47
(9)
(10)
(9)
61
75
72
69
(12)
(12)
(12)
118
147
145
137
(20)
(24)
(23)
206
212
231
216
(37)
(47)
(46)
128
A
B
C
Mean
12
18
13
14
(3)
(4)
(3)
25
24
26
25
(3)
(5)
(5)
33
42
36
37
(5)
(5)
(5)
48
51
44
48
(7)
(7)
(6)
61
71
68
67
(16)
(12)
(11)
71
81
75
76
(32)
(42)
(32)
256
A
B
C
Mean
14
14
15
14
(3)
(3)
(4)
24·
24
23
24
(6)
(5)
(6)
26
26
24
25
(6)
(6)
(6)
27
26
25
26
(6)
(6)
(6)
32
30
28
30
(11)
(10)
(9)
33
32
29
31
(12)
(13)
(11)
512
A
B
C
Mean
12
13
12
12
(3)
(3)
(3)
20
21
19
20
(4)
(4)
(3)
21
22
21
21
(5)
(5)
(6)
23
22
22
22
(7)
(9)
(10)
23
22
20
22
(14)
(12)
(12)
23
22
21
22
(14)
(15)
(13)
Table: Increase in number of fronds
Nominal concentration of technical test material
(µg/L)
Increase in number of fronds (Days 0-14) #
%
Inhibition
Rep A
Rep B
Rep C
Mean
Control
268
218
259
248
4
247
236
294
259
0
8
244
202
258
235
0
16
277
331
272
293
0
32
280
332
286
299
0
64
194
200
219
204
18
128
59
69
63
64
74*
256
21
20
17
19
92*
512
11
10
9
10
96*
#Increase = (No. of fronds at day 14 - No. of fronds (12) at day 0)
*Significant inhibition (P=0.05, one-sided) compared with the control
Table: Dry weights
Nominal concentration of technical test material
(µg/L)
Tissue dry weight (Day 14) (mg)
Mean increase# (Days 0-14) (mg)
%
Inhibition
Rep A
Rep B
Rep C
Mean
Control
31.4
28.2
32.3
30.6
29.2
4
31.6
29.8
37.2
32.9
31.5
0
8
32.4
23.6
32.3
29.4
28
4
16
35.8
45
34.3
38.4
37
0
32
31.6
36.1
31.9
33.2
31.8
0
64
31.3
28.2
36.9
32.1
30.7
0
128
12.1
12.3
13
12.5
11.1
62*
256
3.8
3.7
3
3.5
2.1
93*
512
2
1.9
1.9
1.9
0.5
98*
#Increase = (Dry weight at day 14 - estimated day 0 dry weight).
Dry weight at day 0 estimated from control dry weight to be 1.4 mg per 12 fronds. (Calculated from 781 fronds weighing 91.9 mg on day 14)
*Significant inhibition (P=0.05, one-sided) compared with the control
Calculation of key result
The doses of the test substance were expressed in technical test material, which relates to an aqueous solution of the registered substance. The effect values are calculated by correction for the amount of water in the test item:
- EC50: 0.463 x 113 µg technical test material/L = 52.3 µg pure test substance/L.
- NOEC: 0.463 x 64 µg technical test material = 29.6 µg pure test substance/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 14-d EC50 and 14-d NOEC values in freshwater duckweed (Lemna gibba) are 113 and 64 µg technical test material/L, respectively. These values correspond to recalculated values of 52.3 and 29.6 µg pure substance/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae was determined in a study according to EPA 540/09-86-134 and in compliance with GLP criteria. In this study, 3 replicates of 3 uniform, healthy-looking duckweed (L. gibba), with 4 fronds each, were introduced in medium in test vessels containing the test substance at the following nominal concentrations: 0 (control), 4.0, 8.0, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 μg/L. The mean measured concentrations were analytically determined to be <LOQ (control), <LOQ, <LOQ, <LOQ, <LOQ, 48, 120, 240 and 460 µg/L. As the analyses available were limited, the results have been calculated on the basis of nominal concentrations. The plants were exposed for 14 days under semi-static conditions. On days 1, 4, 6, 8, 11 and 14 the number of plants and the number of fronds were counted and recorded for each test vessel. All fronds which visibly projected beyond the edge of the parent frond were counted. Any other symptoms of toxicity were recorded. At the end of the test (14 days), dry weight of the plants was determined.
No significant inhibition of frond growth was identified at nominal concentrations of 64 μg/L and below. Significant inhibition was observed in the three higher concentration treatments in a dose-dependent matter. No significant effect on dry weight increase was noted in nominal concentrations of 64 μg/L and below. Significant decrease in dry weights was observed in the three higher concentration treatments in a dose-dependent matter. From day 4 onwards, plants in the 128, 256 and 512 μg/L test concentrations started to exhibit progressively more marked visible effects, including paler frond colouration and small size, less root growth, abnormal colony configurations and flotation patterns. A similar pattern was visible in the 64 μg/L test concentration from day 6 onwards. On day 14, the plants in the 32 μg/L test replicates were recorded as having pale colouration in some fronds and visibly reduced root growth. With the exception of the observation that plants in one replicate of the 8.0 μg/L test concentration appeared to have a smaller colony size and less root growth on day 11 only, there were no observed symptoms at, or below, the nominal 16 μg/L test concentration when compared to the control. Therefore, the transient variation in growth at the 8.0 μg/L test concentration was considered not to have been due to any effect by the test substance. Based on these findings, the 14-d EC50 and 14-d NOEC values were determined to be 113 and 64 µg technical test material/L. These values correspond to recalculated values of 52.3 and 29.6 µg pure substance/L.
Reference
Description of key information
The 14-d EC50 and 14-d NOEC values in freshwater duckweed (Lemna gibba) are 113 and 64 µg technical test material/L, respectively. These values correspond to recalculated values of 52.3 and 29.6 µg pure substance/L, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 52.3 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 29.6 µg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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