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EC number: 217-615-7 | CAS number: 1910-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2019-01-07 - 2019-02-19
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-E (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - ThOD: 2.171 mg O2/mg considering total nitrification
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, predominantly domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: sewage treatment plant Ruhrverband Kläranlage, Sunthelle 6, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
- date of collection: 22.01.2019 - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- The following test concentrations were prepared using a mineral medium prepared according to the guideline:
- Test item (containing 2 mg/L test substance)
- Inoculum control (containing neither test substance nor reference substance)
- Procedure control (containing 2 mg/L reference substance)
- Abiotic control (containing 2 mg/L test substance)
- Toxicity control (containg 2 mg/L test substance and 2 mg/L reference substance)
In all test assays except for the abiotic controls, 1 mL effluent were transferred for inoculation. Before inoculation (test start) the pH values of all solutions were determined and found to be 7.4 ± 0.2. The vessels were closed gastight immediately after the filling procedure and incubated at 20 °C (± 1 °C) in the dark. Oxygen consumption was recorded on the day of sampling by using O2-electrode and taking a manual reading. After measurement of two replicates, the vessel was discarded. A sufficient number of vessels were prepared and sampled to allow the percentage removal in the 10-d window – if appropriate – to be assessed. Sampling at test start and at day 3, 6, 10, 14, 21, and 28. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- BIODEGRADATION OF THE TEST SUBSTANCE
The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the test item paraquat dichloride in the test media was in the range of the inoculum controls and the abiotic controls throughout the study period of 28 days. No biodegradation within the 10-day-window could be calculated since the start criterium of the window (10% degradation rate) was not reached within the 28 days of incubation. - Results with reference substance:
- In the procedure controls, the reference item was degraded by an average of 76% by Exposure Day 14, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge. At the end of the test (Day 28), the reference item was degraded by an average of 85%.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance was not biodegradable under the conditions of the test within 28 days.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test substance was investigated at a concentration of 2 mg L-1 in a closed bottle test using domestic aerobic secondary effluent incubated at 22°C in the dark over 28 days. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was measured on selected days (test start, day 3, 6, 10, 14, 21 and 28) and the percentage degradation was calculated from the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) after correcting for the BOD of inoculum controls.
On the 28th day the average biodegradation of the test substance was found to be below 0% since less oxygen was consumed in the test media than in the blank inoluclum. No biodegradation within the 10-day-window could be calculated since the start criterium of the window (10% degradation rate) was not reached within the 28 days of incubation.
In the toxicity control, containing both the test substance and the reference item sodium benzoate, biodegradation was greater than 25%. According to the guidelines this indicates that the test item had no inhibitory effect on the activity of activated sludge microorganisms at the tested concentration.
In the procedural controls, the reference substance sodium benzoate was degraded by an average of 76% by exposure day 14 and reached an average biodegradation of 85% by the end of the test (day 28), thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge. The oxygen depletion in the inoculum blank did not exceed 1.5 mg/L after 28 days, the oxygen concentration in the test vessels did not fall below 0.5 mg/L at any time and percentage degradation of the reference compound had reached the pass levels (60 %) by day 14. Therefore, the test can be considered as valid.
The test substance was not readily biodegradable under the conditions of the test.
Reference
Table: Oxygen consumption (mg O2/vessel) at each sampling day during the 28 d incubation period
| Oxygen consumption [mg/vessel] | |||||||||
| Test item | Inoculum | Procedure | Abiotic | Toxicity | |||||
Time | Flask | Flask | Flask | Flask | Flask | |||||
[days] | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.46 | 0.48 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
6 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 0.65 |
10 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.78 | 0.80 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
14 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.69 | 0.76 |
21 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.96 | 0.94 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
28 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.93 | 0.93 |
-- No reading taken
Table: Biodegradation (%) at each sampling day in the test vessels.
| Percentage Biodegradation1 | |||||||
| Test item | Procedure | Abiotic | Toxicity | ||||
Time | Flask | Flask | Flask | Flask | ||||
[days] | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 4.8 | 3.4 | 41.5 | 44.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
6 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 61.3 | 63.4 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 23.1 | 24.3 |
10 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 67.6 | 70.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
14 | 4.3 | 0.9 | 77.4 | 75.4 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 25.4 | 28.5 |
21 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 80.8 | 79.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
28 | -1.3 | -0.5 | 85.6 | 84.8 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 31.4 | 31.6 |
Mean 28 | -0.9 | 85.2 | 9.1 | 31.5 |
1 Corrected for the mean oxygen uptake of the inoculum controls (see Section3.5).
-- Not determined.
TOXICITY CONTROL
Within 14 days of exposure, biodegradation amounted to 27% based on the ThOD.
Thus, according to the test guidelines, the test item had no inhibitory effect on activated sludge microorganisms at the tested concentration of 2 mg/L because biodegradation in the toxicity control was >25% within 14 days.
VALIDITY OF THE TEST
The results are considered valid since the following criteria are met:
- The mean oxygen depletion in the inoculum control (medium and inoculum) was 0.2 mg O2/L within 28 days (criterion: < 1.5 mg O2/L).
- The lowest oxygen concentration in the test vessels was 5.6 mg O2/L (procedure control) within the 28 days (criterion: ≥ 0.5 mg O2/L at any time).
- The difference of extremes of replicate values of the removal of the test item at the end of the test was 1% (criterion: < 20%).
- The percentage degradation of the reference item reached the level for ready biodegradability by Day 6 (criterion: at least 60% of ThOD at Day 14).
Description of key information
The substance is not readily biodegradable following OECD 301D (Closed bottle test).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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