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EC number: 249-616-3 | CAS number: 29420-49-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxic effects on livestock and pets
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Absorption, Distribution, and Milk Secretion of the Perfluoroalkyl Acids PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA by Dairy Cows Fed Naturally Contaminated Feed
- Author:
- Kowalczyk, J; Ehler, S; Oberhausen, A; Tischer, M; Furst, P; Schafft, H; Lahrssen-Wiederholt, M
- Year:
- 2 013
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 61: 2903-2912.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - Principle of test: The transfer of the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) from feed into tissue and milk of dairy cows was investigated.
- Short description of test conditions: Holstein cows (n = 6) were fed a PFAA-contaminated feed for 28 days. After the PFAA-feeding period, three cows were slaughtered while the others were fed PFAA-free feed for another 21 days (depuration period).
- Parameters analysed / observed: For PFAA analysis plasma, liver, kidney, and muscle tissue, urine, and milk were sampled and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). - GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulphonate
- EC Number:
- 249-616-3
- EC Name:
- Potassium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulphonate
- Cas Number:
- 29420-49-3
- Molecular formula:
- C4HF9O3S.K
- IUPAC Name:
- potassium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: The cows were fed feed that was naturally contaminated with perfluroalkyl acids.
Test animals
- Species:
- cow
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
Six lactating cows (Holstein Friesian) with an average body weight (bw) of 583 ± 31 kg were housed at the experimental farm of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR).
During the PFAA-feeding period, the experimental diet contained PFAA-contaminated grass silage (68.4 +/- 23.1 ug/kg PFBS) and hay (993.6 +/- 224.4 ug/kg PFBS), which grew on a PFAA-contaminated farmland in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Administration / exposure
- Route of exposure:
- other: Oral: Naturally contaminated feed.
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
DIET: During the PFAA-feeding period, the experimental diet contained PFAA-contaminated grass silage (68.4 +/- 23.1 ug/kg PFBS) and hay (993.6 +/- 224.4 ug/kg PFBS), which grew on a PFAA-contaminated farmland in Lower Saxony, Germany. The individual intake of grass silage and hay was quantified every day. For determination of PFAA intake, grass silage and hay were separately mixed every 4 days to representative samples of those four consecutive days. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- (LOD 0.2 ug/kg)
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 28 Days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Post exposure period:
- 21 days
Doses / concentrations
- Dose / conc.:
- 3.4 other: ug/kg bw
- Remarks:
- Average daily intake of the cows was 3.4+/- 0.7 ug/kg body weight.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 6 females
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- The individual intake of grass silage and hay was quantified every day. For determination of PFAA intake, grass silage and hay were separately mixed every 4 days to representative samples of those four consecutive days.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- After the PFAA-feeding period, three cows were slaughtered while the others were fed PFAA-free feed for another 21 days (depuration period).
For PFAA analysis plasma, liver, kidney, and muscle tissue, urine, and milk were sampled and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- Average daily PFBS intake of the cows was 3.4+/- 0.7 ug/kg body weight. The very low concentration of PFBS in plasma (1.8 +/-0.8 ug/L), milk (0.016 +/-0.041 ug/L), liver (0.3 +/- 0.3 ug/kg ww) and kidney (1.0 +/- 0.3 ug/kg ww) at the end of the uptake period and the relatively high urinary excretion support the conclusion that PFBS does not accumulate in the body of dairy cows. The first sample taken after the beginning of depuration, which was day 3, showed no PFBS in the plasma or milk of the animals.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The very low concentration of PFBS in plasma (1.8 +/-0.8 ug/L), milk (0.016 +/-0.041 ug/L), liver (0.3 +/- 0.3 ug/kg ww) and kidney (1.0 +/- 0.3 ug/kg ww) at the end of the uptake period and the relatively high urinary excretion support the conclusion that PFBS does not accumulate in the body of dairy cows. The first sample taken after the beginning of depuration, which was day 3, showed no PFBS in the plasma or milk of the animals.
- Executive summary:
The transfer of the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) from feed into tissue and milk of dairy cows was investigated. Holstein cows (n = 6) were fed a PFAA-contaminated feed for 28 days. After the PFAA-feeding period, three cows were slaughtered while the others were fed PFAA-free feed for another 21 days (depuration period). During the PFAA-feeding period, the experimental diet contained PFAA-contaminated grass silage (68.4 +/- 23.1 ug/kg PFBS) and hay (993.6 +/- 224.4 ug/kg PFBS), which grew on a PFAA-contaminated farmland in Lower Saxony, Germany. The individual intake of grass silage and hay was quantified every day. For determination of PFAA intake, grass silage and hay were separately mixed every 4 days to representative samples of those four consecutive days. For PFAA analysis plasma, liver, kidney, and muscle tissue, urine, and milk were sampled and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Average daily PFBS intake of the cows was 3.4+/- 0.7 ug/kg body weight. The very low concentration of PFBS in plasma (1.8 +/-0.8 ug/L), milk (0.016 +/-0.041 ug/L), liver (0.3 +/- 0.3 ug/kg ww) and kidney (1.0 +/- 0.3 ug/kg ww) at the end of the uptake period and the relatively high urinary excretion support the conclusion that PFBS does not accumulate in the body of dairy cows. The first sample taken after the beginning of depuration, which was day 3, showed no PFBS in the plasma or milk of the animals.
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