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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 232-235-1 | CAS number: 7790-98-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.28 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1.4 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The NOAEL obtained in two occupational studies was 0.2 mg/kg/day. No correction factor for difference in absorption was applied because total absorption by inhalation was assumed (worst-case : occupational studies showed partial absorption, likely due to particle-size dependence). The concentration of 1.4 mg/m3 is obtained when considering a worker mean bodyweight of 70 kg and a respiratory volume of 10 m3 for a working day of 8 h.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- A NOAEL was identified
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Human to human extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Human to human extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- The default AF is applied in a conservative approach althought the NOAEL was obtained in the same population (workers)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- All relevant parameters assessed, reliable study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- None
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 10.8 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The NOAEL obtained in two occupational studies was 0.2 mg/kg/day. 1.85% absorption by dermal route is considered in humans based on sodium chlorate and read-across approach (see 7.1 and 7.1.2), leading to a point of departure of 0.2/0.0185 = 10.8 mg/kg/day.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- A NOAEL was identified
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Human to human extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Human to human extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- The default AF is applied in a conservative approach althought the NOAEL was obtained in the same population (workers)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- All relevant parameters assessed, reliable study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- None
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Two key studies, with equal weight, for repeat-dose toxicity of Ammonium Perchlorate: Braverman 2005 and Lamm 1999 occupational studies, with chronic exposure (around 6 years) to Ammonium Perchlorate mainly by inhalation. These were the most relevant values of a whole range of data on repeat-dose toxicity (in rats, mice and humans, with various durations). Both studies, carried out in the same manufacturing plant, led to the same systemic NOAEL of 0.20 mg/kg/day.
Starting point modification and the applied assessment factors are described and justified in the tables below.
Route of human exposure(for all lines) |
Dermal |
Inhalation |
||
Repeated-dose DNEL, based on chronic occupational studies (two consistent K2 studies) |
||||
Point of departure: |
0.20 |
mg/kg/day, NOAEL systemic value (converted from inhalative route) |
||
|
Value |
Justification |
Value |
Justification |
Correction for difference in absorption: |
1/0.0185 |
1.85% absorption by dermal route in human based on sodium chlorate and read-across |
1 |
total absorption by inhalation assumed (worst-case : occupational studies showed partial absorption, likely due to particle-size dependence) |
Corrected point of departure: |
10.8 |
mg/kg/day, takes into account partial absorption |
1.40 |
mg/m3, considers 10 m3/worker/8h, 70 kg/worker |
Assessment Factor type, subtype |
Value |
Justification |
Value |
Justification |
Interspecies, kinetics |
1 |
human to human |
||
Interspecies, other |
1 |
|||
Intraspecies, kinetics x dynamics |
5 |
worker to worker : however the AF is applied as if the NOAEL represented the « mean » worker, in a worst-case |
||
Exposure duration |
1 |
chronic to chronic |
||
Dose-response relationship |
1 |
NOAEL. No data on dose-effect curve |
||
Quality of whole database |
1 |
all relevant parameters assessed, reliable study |
||
Overall Assessment Factor |
5 |
product of all above AFs |
5 |
product of all above AFs |
Resulting DNEL: |
2.2 |
mg/kg/day |
0.28 |
mg/m3 |
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 70 µg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 700 µg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The NOAEL obtained in two occupational studies was 0.2 mg/kg/day. No correction factor for difference in absorption was applied because total absorption by inhalation was assumed (worst-case : occupational studies showed partial absorption, likely due to particle-size dependence). The concentration of 0.7 mg/m3 is obtained when considering a general population mean bodyweight of 70 kg and a respiratory volume of 20 m3 for a whole day of 24 h.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- A NOAEL was identified
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Human to human extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Human to human extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default AF is applied in a conservative approach althought the NOAEL was obtained in a similar population (workers) (a factor of 2 is generally considered between workers and general population for intraspecies differences)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- All relevant parameters assessed, reliable study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- None
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The NOAEL obtained in two occupational studies was 0.2 mg/kg/day. No correction factor for difference in absorption was applied because total absorption by inhalation was assumed (worst-case : occupational studies showed partial absorption, likely due to particle-size dependence).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- A NOAEL was identified
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Human to human extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Human to human extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default AF is applied in a conservative approach althought the NOAEL was obtained in a similar population (workers) (a factor of 2 is generally considered between workers and general population for intraspecies differences)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- All relevant parameters assessed, reliable study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- None
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Two key studies, with equal weight, for repeat-dose toxicity of Ammonium Perchlorate: Braverman 2005 and Lamm 1999 occupational studies, with chronic exposure (around 6 years) to Ammonium Perchlorate mainly by inhalation. These were the most relevant values of a whole range of data on repeat-dose toxicity (in rats, mice and humans, with various durations). Both studies, carried out in the same manufacturing plant, led to the same systemic NOAEL of 0.20 mg/kg/day.
Starting point modification and the applied assessment factors are described and justified in the tables below.
Route of human exposure(for all lines) |
Oral |
Inhalation |
|||
Repeated-dose DNEL, based on chronic occupational studies (two consistent K2 studies) |
|||||
Point of departure: |
0.20 |
mg/kg/day, NOAEL systemic value (converted from inhalative route) |
|||
|
Value |
Justification |
Value |
Justification |
|
Correction for difference in absorption: |
1 |
total absorption by oral route |
1 |
total absorption by inhalation assumed (worst-case : occupational studies showed partial absorption, likely due to particle-size dependence) |
|
Corrected point of departure: |
0.20 |
mg/kg/day |
0.70 |
mg/m3, considers 20 m3/person/24h, 70 kg/person |
|
Assessment Factor type, subtype |
Value |
Justification |
Value |
Justification |
|
Interspecies, kinetics |
1 |
human to human |
|||
Interspecies, other |
1 |
||||
Intraspecies, kinetics x dynamics |
10 |
worker to general population : however the AF is applied as if the NOAEL represented the « mean » worker, in a worst-case |
|||
Exposure duration |
1 |
chronic to chronic |
|||
Dose-response relationship |
1 |
NOAEL. No data on dose-effect curve |
|||
Quality of whole database |
1 |
all relevant parameters assessed, reliable study |
|||
Overall Assessment Factor |
10 |
product of all above AFs |
10 |
product of all above AFs |
|
Resulting DNEL: |
20 |
µg/kg/day |
70 |
µg/m3 |
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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