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EC number: 232-235-1 | CAS number: 7790-98-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biotransformation and kinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biotransformation and kinetics
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- DEGRADATION KINETICS OF PERCHLORATE IN SEDIMENTS AND SOILS
- Author:
- Tan K, Anderson TA and Jackson WA
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- Water..4ir: cmd Soit Pollution 151: 245-259, 2004.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of medium:
- terrestrial
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Perchlorate
- IUPAC Name:
- Perchlorate
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
- Transformation products:
- not measured
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Perchlorate-reducing bacteria are believed to be distributed ubiquitously in the environment. Microcosm studies using site sediment and water collected from four natural habitats near NWIRP, McGregor have indicated that rapid intrinsic bio-remediation is possible in the stream sediments which are continuously or intermittently exposed to perchlorate. Microcosm treatments using soil from another perchloratecontaminated site (LHAAP) also were capable of perchlorate degradation although a long lag period (up to 60 days) may be necessary, depending on the environmental conditions. Intrinsic perchlorate degradation rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.46 day-' for four sediments, corresponding to a half-life (t1/2= 0.693/k) range of 1.4 days to 5.0 days, with variation in rates depending mainly on the organic substrate availability.
Although it is clear that nitrate does interfere with perchlorate degradation, to date the pathway and mechanism involved is poorly understood. Most, but not all, perchlorate reducers could use nitrate as an electron acceptor and some denitrifying bacteria are capable of perchlorate degradation. Recently, some authors held the view that separate terminal reductases capable of reducing other electron acceptors were responsible for perchlorate and nitrate degradation in an isolated bacterial strain. However, the strain grew more rapidly with nitrate. The current results support this hypothesis. Based on those results, it could be extrapolated that the microorganisms in the sediments and soil from this study can use both perchlorate and nitrate as alternative electron acceptors, depending on the relative electron equivaience ratio. In the presence of relatively high nitrate concentration, the bacteria will preferentially use nitrate as an electron acceptor because growth on nitrate is much faster. After nitrate has been depleted, perchlorate reductase will function to use perchlorate as an electron acceptor. Thus, the presence of nitrate only affects the lag time of perchlorate degradation under the assumption that organic substrate availability is not a limiting factor. The fact that perchlorate degradation rate (Kmy) of HW84 Sidestream remained almost constant even if the NO3--N
was lowered to 1.0 mg/L, compared to 7.6 mg/L in the control treatment, also supported this assumption. If only one enzyme was involved, perchlorate and nitrate would become competitive inhibitors, and we should see a significant increase in perchlorate degradation rate because of the depletion of the competitive electron acceptor nitrate. From the point view of thermodynamics in terms of energy yield of electron acceptors, perchlorate's energy yield (Gibb's free energy per electron equivalent deltaG'o=-112.1kJ/e-) as an electron acceptor is similar to that of nitrate (deltaGo = -112.2kJ/e-), when hydrogen is used as the electron donor. This implies that denitrification is not more energy-favorable than perchlorate degradation. The preference of perchlorate to NO3- as electron acceptor should be associated with a different enzyme involved which lowered the activation energy. Further research should be conducted to fully understand the metabolism involved. The presence of nitrate may explain the persistence of perchlorate in the environment, especially when perchlorate concentration is considerably lower than that of nitrate (i.e. most groundwaters), which may require a relatively longer lag time for perchlorate degradation to happen. Our studies also indicate that higher organic substrate availability can shorten the lag time of both perchlorate and nitrate degradation.
An attempt was made to correlate environmental conditions (i.e., organic substrate availability (represented by TVS), and/or nitrate concentration) with degradation rates and lag times. In general, no correlations were found, probably due to limited data as well as the complexity of the environmental system. Perchlorate degradation in the sediments and soil is affected by numerous environmental conditions (i.e., substrate, perchlorate concentration, population of perchlorate reducers, nitrate), and other factors.
Information generated from this study is useful in understanding the fate of perchlorate in sediment and soil, and highlighting the potential rote of intrinsic degradation or natural attenuation of perchlorate degradation.
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