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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- other: Incident publication
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- No data
- Reliability:
- other: Exposure related observations
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Publication underestimated the number of deaths in the exposed area and non¬exposed area, but this would not be large enough to invalidate the conclusions.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Retrospective study of mortality after a water pollution incident at Lowermoor in North Cornwall.
- Author:
- Owen PJ, Miles DPB, Draper GJ and Vincent TJ.
- Year:
- 2 002
- Bibliographic source:
- BMJ. 324 : 1189.
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Retrospective study was conducted to assess the mortality in relation to water pollution incident at Lowermoor in north Cornwall.
- Endpoint addressed:
- other: mortality
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A cohort-retrospective study was conducted to assess the mortality in relation to water contaminated with aluminium sulphate.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- EC Number:
- 233-135-0
- EC Name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 10043-01-3
- Molecular formula:
- Al.3/2H2O4S
- IUPAC Name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Aluminium sulphate
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Details on study design:
- Twenty tonnes of aluminium sulphate were inadvertently emptied into the water supply at the Lowermoor treatment works in north Cornwall on 6 July 1988. The maximum recorded aluminium concentration was 620000 µg/L compared with the maximum concentration admissible at the time by the European Community of 200 µg/L (Rowland et al., 1990). Records of deaths in the population whose records were flagged between July 1988 and December 1997 were analysed. Mortality was compared in the area with water pollution (n=11114) with that in an adjacent area free of pollution (n=5359). It was also compared death rates with those in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, and England and Wales. Death rates for differences in age distribution and sex was corrected.
- Exposure assessment:
- estimated
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: Accidental exposure
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: Mortality
EXPOSURE LEVELS: 20 tonnes (maximum recorded aluminium concentration was 620000 µg/L)
Results and discussion
- Results:
- - The ratio of the standardised mortality ratios (standardised to England and Wales) for the exposed and unexposed cohorts was 1.08 (95 % confidence interval 0.97 to 1.21); the exposed group had higher mortality, but the excess was not statistically significant. Compared with deaths in Cornwall as a whole, the number of deaths in the exposed group was lower than expected each year: fewer than expected died in the exposed group. The standardised mortality ratio for the exposed population for 198897 was 81.6 (77.2 to 86.2), using mortality rates for Cornwall as the standard, and 77.7 (73.5 to 82.0) with England and Wales as standard. For both standards of comparison, significantly fewer people died than expected.
- No statistically significant difference in deaths between the cohort exposed to aluminium sulphate in their water and the nonexposed cohort. The cohort exposed to the pollution had significantly lower mortality than the population of Cornwall and that of England and Wales. This may be because the area has generally low levels of deprivation and historically low death rates.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 7.10.5/1: Standardised mortality rates (95% confidence intervals) in groups exposed and unexposed to aluminium sulphate pollution after incident at Lowermoor, North Cornwall
Standard |
Exposed population (E) |
Unexposed population (U) |
Ratio (E/U) (95% CI) |
England and Wales |
77.7 (73.5 to 82.0) |
71.8 (65.4 to 78.4) |
1.08 (0.97 to1.21) |
Cornwall and Isles of Scilly |
81.6 (77.2 to 86.2) |
75.9 (69.2 to 83.1) |
1.07 (0.97 to 1.20) |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No statistically significant difference in deaths between the cohort exposed to aluminium sulphate in their water and the nonexposed cohort.
- Executive summary:
A cohort-retrospective study was conducted to assess the mortality in relation to water contaminated with aluminium sulphate.
Twenty tonnes of aluminium sulphate were inadvertently emptied into the water supply at the Lowermoor treatment works in north Cornwall on 6 July 1988. Records of deaths in the population whose records were flagged between July 1988 and December 1997 were analysed. Mortality was compared in the area with water pollution (n=11114) with that in an adjacent area free of pollution (n=5359). It was also compared death rates with those in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, and England and Wales. Death rates for differences in age distribution and sex was corrected.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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