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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 931-584-3 | CAS number: 66071-92-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- other:
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1992
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No toxicity test conducted.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 992
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: Accidental incidence
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No toxicity tests were conducted. A case study of three accidental incidences and thermal corrosive burns for eys, skin and lungs are reported.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Not applicable
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Spent liquor from alkaline pulping and bleaching containing spent inorganic process chemicals and dissolved organic substances originating from the cellulosic raw material.
- EC Number:
- 931-584-3
- Cas Number:
- 66071-92-9
- Molecular formula:
- UVCB substance, not available. View remarks field.
- IUPAC Name:
- Spent liquor from alkaline pulping and bleaching containing spent inorganic process chemicals and dissolved organic substances originating from the cellulosic raw material.
- Details on test material:
- No toxicity tests were conducted. Case study of three accidental incidences and thermal corrosive burns for eys, skin and lungs are reported.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Subjects:
- Accidental incidences and thermal corrosive burns
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- Case study
- Route of exposure:
- other: Dermal and ocular
- Reason of exposure:
- accidental
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Three occupational accident cases were reported regarding burn injury caused by black liquor. According to the article black liquor (pH 11-13) is used typically at a temperature of 85-95 ºC placing workers at risk to a combination thermal and chemical burn.
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Combination of alkali/thermal burns caused by Black liquor can damage skin and eyes thorough direct exposure, the respiratory tract if inhaled and the gastrointestinal tract if ingested.
- Outcome of incidence:
- Three occupational accident cases in Canada were reported regarding burn injury caused by black liquor. According to the article black liquor (pH 11-13) is used typically at a temperature of 85-95 ºC placing workers at risk to a combination of thermal and chemical burn. Combination of alkali/thermal burns caused by Black liquor can damage skin and eyes through direct exposure, the respiratory tract if inhealed and the gastrointestinal tract if ingested. In the first case a man accidentally stepped into Black liquor pool and his both legs were injured. Based on the clinical examination revealed a full skin thickness non circumferential burn to 3 % BSA (body surface area). In the second case a man got 40 % BSA when Black liquor accidentally sprayed under pressure to his faces and body. The right eye had a glazed appearance indicating severe alkali burn. In the third case a man got 98 per cent BSA and severe inhalation injury when a malfunction occurred spraying Black liquor into his body. The man died of a cardiac arrest at 24 h post burn.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Three occupational accident cases in Canada were reported regarding burn injury caused by Black liquor. According to the article Black liquor (pH 11-13) is used typically at a temperature of 85-95 ºC placing workers at risk to a combination of thermal and chemical burn. Combination of alkali/thermal burns caused by Black liquor can damage skin and eyes thorough direct exposure, the respiratory effect if in healed and the gastrointestinal effect if ingested. In the first case a man accidentally stepped into Black liquor pool and his both legs were injured. Based on the clinical examination revealed a full skin thickness non circumferential burn to 3 % BSA (body surface area). In the second case a man got 40 % BSA when Black liquor accidentally sprayed under pressure to his faces and body. The right eye had a glazed appearance indicating severe alkali burn. In the third case a man got 98 per cent BSA and severe inhalation injury when a malfunction occurred spraying Black liquor into his body. The man died of a cardiac arrest at 24 h post burn. As a conclusion it can be assessed that hot alkaline splashes of Black liquor penetrate rapidly through the thin protective clothes and incur burns. Black liquor splash can incur deep ulceration or corrosive damage to the skin.
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