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EC number: 292-605-3 | CAS number: 90640-84-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the distillation of coal tar and boiling in the range of approximately 240°C to 280°C (464°F to 536°F). Composed primarily of acenaphthene, naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable well-documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Ultrastructural analysis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis induced by methylnaphthalene in mice
- Author:
- Murata Y, Emi Y, Denda A, and Konishi Y
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- Exp Toxicol Pathol 44, 47-54
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Repeated-dose study employing one dose only: Primary goal of the study was to investigate by means of light and electron microscopy the ultrastructure of lesions found in the lungs of mice after induction of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis by dermal application of methylnaphthalene (mixture of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methylnaphthalene
- EC Number:
- 215-329-7
- EC Name:
- Methylnaphthalene
- Cas Number:
- 1321-94-4
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-methylnaphthalene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): methylnaphthalene
- Analytical purity: no data
- Composition of test material: mixed 1- and 2-methyl isomer naphthalene preparation
(from Yamakawa Ind. Chem., Tokyo, Japan, supplied by the Ministry of Welfare of Japan)
- Isomers composition: 1- methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene, respective portions not reported
- Stability under test conditions: considered to be stable based on inherent properties
- Storage condition of test material: no data
- Fraction in Wash oil (Composite sample No. 05): ~ 25 - 27 %
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- B6C3F1
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Lab., Osaka, Japan
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: about 17 g
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: no data
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): pelleted diet (MF, Oriental Yeast Ind., Tokyo, Japan); ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water; ad libitum
- Acclimation period: no data
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- no data
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- acetone
- Details on exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: back of mice
- % coverage: no data
- Time intervals for shavings or clipplings: no data
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE: no
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): ca. 119 mg/kg bw per application
- Concentration (if solution): 1.2 % (in acetone), test solution was administered to the back skin of mice by means of a syringe
- Constant concentration used: yes
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): no data
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): no data
- Concentration (if solution): 1.2 % test substance in acetone
USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: no - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- --
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 30 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- twice weekly
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
119 mg/kg bw per application (ca. 34 mg/kg bw/day)
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 15
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: only single dose administered
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- No observations or examinations are reported for the exposure period.
At the end of the study, final body weights were determined. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: at sacrifice, only lungs were removed, inspected and prepared for microscopic (light and electron microscopy) examination
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes; only lungs were examined.
At autopsy, the lungs were removed and fixed in 10% formaline for light microscopy.
For electron microscopy, samples of resected lung were fixed in 300 mM glutaraldehyde containing 0.1% tannic acid buffered
with 100 mM sodium cacodylate, post-fixed in 40 mM OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol, substituted with propylenoxid and embedded
in epoxy resin. Sections from paraffin blocks were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. One µm sections from epoxy resin were
stained with 0.5% toluidine blue. Ultrathin sections were doubly contrasted with 1% uranyl acetate and Reynolds' solution (2%).
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation:
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- not examined
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
Average final body weight of mice treated with methylnaphthalene in acetone was 27.2 ± 3.2 g.
Average final body weight of control mice was 31.5 ± 1.7 g.
The average final body weight of treated animals was reduced by about 14% compared to controls.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
The lung surfaces demonstrated multiple, grayish white, soft spots or nodules sharply demarcated from the pinkish-white
surrounding normal tissues, without specific localization. No such lesions were observed in the control group.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
The alveoli were found to be filled with amorphous eosinophilic material, many mononucleated cells with abundant foamy cytoplasm,
and many clefts corresponding to cholesterol crystals separating the intra-alveolar materials and the lining cells.
The alveolar walls were thickened but no prominent fibrosis was observed. Terminal bronchiols were not markedly affected.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Remarks:
- (30 wks, 7 d/wk)
- Effect level:
- 34 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Induction of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (100% induction, only one dose tested)
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Lung was the only organ examined. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was found in all animals treated with methylnaphthalene (incidence 100%).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Following dermal application of methylnaphthalene (1.2 % in acetone, ca. 119 mg/kg bw per application) to the back skin of female B6C3F1 mice (group of 15 animals) twice weekly for 30 weeks, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was induced in all of the test animals. Lung lesions were characterized by light and electron microscopy. Besides lungs, no other organs/parameters were examined.
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