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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 201-279-3 | CAS number: 80-43-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5.6 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 141 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- Available data do not suggest a pronounced difference between oral and inhalation route. Based on physicochemical properties absorption is considered equal for inhalation and oral exposure.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default for sub-chronic > chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- default
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default for worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.8 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 80 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default for sub-chronic > chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- default for rat > human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default for worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Worker DNEL dermal
Starting point NOAEL 80 mg/kg bw/d (90d rat oral, OECD 408)
Dermal absorption is expected to be low because of the nature of the substance and its log Kow. The substance is dry and poorly soluble in water (0.5 mg/l). The experimental log Kow is 5.5; therefore, the rate of penetration may be limited by the rate of transfer between the stratum corneum and the epidermis, but uptake into the stratum corneum will be high. The molecular weight is 270.37 g/mol
In conclusion, oral absorption (100%) is supposed to be higher than dermal absorption, but it is not possible to derive a factor for this difference. Therefore, in line with the ECHA guidance R.7.c, a route specific adaptation of absorption is NOT applied.
Starting point: 80 mg/kg bw/d
Assessment factors (according to ECHA Guidance):
Interspecies: rat to human 10 (4 allometric scaling, 2.5 remaining differences)
Intraspecies: 5 worker
Time extrapolation from sub-chronic to chronic: 2
Correction for dose-response or quality of data-set: 1
Overall assessment factor: 100
80 mg/kg bw/100 = 0.8 mg/kg bw/d
Worker DNEL dermal, long-term, systemic: 0.8 mg/kg bw/d
Worker DNEL inhalative
starting point NOAEL 80 mg/kg bw/d (90d rat oral, OECD 408)
Corrected inhalatory NOAEC = oral NOAEL × 1/sRVrat x ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human × sRVhuman/wRV
Correction for absorption ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human: equal absorption based on physic-chemical properties = factor of 1
80 mg/kg/day × 1/0.38 m³/kg/day × 6.7 m³ (8h)/10 m³ (8h) = 141 mg/m³
Assessment factors (according to ECHA guidance):
Interspecies: rat to human 2.5 for remaining differences
Intraspecies: 5 worker
Time extrapolation from sub-chronic to chronic: 2
Correction for dose-response or quality of data-set: 1
Overall assessment factor: 25
141 mg/m³/25 = 5.6 mg/m³
Worker DNEL inhalative, long-term, systemic: 5.6 mg/m³
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.4 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 69.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- Available data do not suggest a pronounced difference between oral and inhalation route. Based on physicochemical properties absorption is considered equal for inhalation and oral exposure.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.4 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 80 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default for sub-chronic > chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- default
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.4 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 80 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default for sub-chronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- default for rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
General population DNEL dermal
Starting point: NOAEL 80 mg/kg bw/d (90-d rat oral)
Assessment factors (according to ECHA Guidance):
Interspecies: rat to human 10 (4 allometric scaling, 2.5 remaining differences)
Intraspecies: 10 general population
Time extrapolation from sub-chronic to chronic: 2
Correction for dose-response or quality of data set: 1
Overall assessment factor: 200
80 mg/kg bw/d/200 = 4 mg/kg bw/d
General population DNEL dermal long-term systemic: 0.4 mg/kg bw/d
General population DNEL inhalative
Starting point NOAEL 80 mg/kg bw/d (90-d rat oral)
Corrected inhalatory NOAEC = oral NOAEL × 1/sRVrat x ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human
Correction for absorption ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human: equal absorption based on physic-chemical properties = factor of 1
80 mg/kg/day × 1/1.15 m³/kg/day = 69.6 mg/m³
Assessment factors (according to ECHA Guidance):
Interspecies: 2.5 for remaining differences
Intraspecies: 10 general population
Time extrapolation from subacute to chronic: 6
Correction for dose-response or quality of data-set: 1
Overall assessment factor: 50
69.6 mg/m³/50 = 1.4 mg/m³
General population DNEL inhalative long-term systemic: 1.4 mg/m³
General population DNEL oral
Starting point NOAEL 80 mg/kg bw/d (90d rat oral)
No correction necessary
Using ECHA guidance factors:
Assessment factors
Interspecies: rat to human 10 (4 allometric scaling, 2.5 remaining differences)
Intraspecies: 10 general population
Time extrapolation from sub-chronic to chronic: 2
Correction for dose-response or quality of data-set: 1
Overall assessment factor: 200
General population DNEL oral long-term systemic: 0.4 mg/kg bw/d
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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