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EC number: 287-476-5 | CAS number: 85535-84-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1980-05-20 to 1980-11-09
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Good quality study to GLP; considered adequate for assessment
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 983
- Report date:
- 1983
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 000
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Toxicity of a C10-12 chlorinated paraffin (58% chlorination) to rainbow trout in a dynamic test system over a 60-day exposure period
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Alkanes, C10-13, chloro
- EC Number:
- 287-476-5
- EC Name:
- Alkanes, C10-13, chloro
- Cas Number:
- 85535-84-8
- IUPAC Name:
- Alkanes, C10-C13, Chloro
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): (i) C10-12 chlorinated paraffins, 58% chlorinated mixed with (ii) chlorinated n-undecane-6-14C; 59.1% chlorinated
- Substance type: technical product
- Physical state: unlabelled material (i) - slightly viscous clear liquid; labelled material (ii) - cloudy viscous liquid
- Analytical purity: (i) "100% chlorinated paraffins"; (ii) no data
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): (i) free hydrochloric acid (HCl) - 7 ppm; no stabiliser : (ii) - no data
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: (i) C10-12 chlorinated paraffins, 58% chlorinated mixed with (ii) chlorinated n-undecane-6-14C, 659.1% chlorinated
- Isomers composition: no data
- Purity test date: no data
- Lot/batch No.: (i) R-201-198
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: (i) "dependent on routine analysis"
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): no data
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): (ii) 1.04 mCi/g
- Locations of the label (if radiolabelling): n-undecane-6-14C
- Expiration date of radiochemical substance (if radiolabelling): no data
- Stability under test conditions: "unstable"
- Storage condition of test material: -20oC
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
none used - Radiolabelling:
- yes
Sampling and analysis
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling intervals/frequency for test organisms: at the end of the study
- Sampling intervals/frequency for test medium samples: radioactivity measured daily on days 1-7, then at intervals (23 times) to day 58; parent compound measured once/week for weeks 1, 2 and 3 and then once every 3 weeks
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: test medium - not stored prior to analysis;
- Details on sampling and analysis of test organisms and test media samples (e.g. sample preparation, analytical methods):
- test medium: radioactivity measured by scintillation counting (lsc) and parent compound by solvent extraction/thin layer chromatography
- test organisms: radioactivity measured by sample oxidation/lsc and parent compound by soxhlet extraction/thin layer chromatography
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED WATER
- Details of spiking: stock samples of labelled and unlabelled chlorinated paraffins prepared in acetone
- Controls: solvent only
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in final test solution: approx 500 ppm (v/v) initially
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: rainbow trout
- Strain: no data
- Source: Zeals Fish Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, England
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): "immature" + 14 days
- Length at study initiation (lenght definition, mean, range and SD): range - 33 to 60 mm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): range - 0.54 to 3.65 g
- Weight at termination (mean and range, SD): range - 1.2 to 18.6 g
- Health status: no data
- Description of housing/holding area: All-glass aquaria (90x28x30 cm) with sliding lid- total vol. 68L
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: Mainstream trout food (BP Nutrition)
- Amount: "%/day of average fish weight x number of fish
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no
Study design
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 60 d
- Total depuration duration:
- 0 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 34 to 71 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- Freshwater control: mean (range) 12.15 (11.8-12.8) oC
solvent control: mean (range) 11.85 (11.6-12.4) oC - pH:
- Freshwater control: mean (range) 7.75 (7.40- 8.55)
solvent control: mean (range) 7.76 (7.40-8.45) - Dissolved oxygen:
- Freshwater control: mean (range) 10.59 (9.9-11.3) mg/L
solvent control: mean (range) 10.71(9.9-11.3) mg/L - TOC:
- 2.3 to 5.9 mg/L
- Salinity:
- residual Cl : 15 to 35 µg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: All-glass aquarium
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 68 L fill volume
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): peristaltic
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): dilution water - 500 ml/min; stock solution - 0.25 ml/min
- No. of organisms per vessel: 30
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control / vehicle control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: freshwater reservoir
- Particulate matter: <1 to1.5 mg/l
- Metals (µg/L, 2 determinations): Cd (04, <0.2); Co (<0.4,<0.8); Cu (0.3,1.0); Pb (<0.6,<0.7); Mn (2,8); Ni (<0.4, 0.3); Zn (2,13); Fe (3,41)
- Pesticides: no data
- Chlorine: <4 µg/L
- Alkalinity: no data
- Ca/mg ratio: no data
- Conductance: 75-150 µs/cm
- Holding medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: weekly
- Intervals of test medium replacement: continuous
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: no data
- Light intensity: no data
RANGE-FINDING / PRELIMINARY STUDY : no - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal : 0.032, 0.1, 0.32, 1 and 3.2 mg/L
Measured : 0.033, 0.10, 0.35, 1.07 and 3.05 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Calculated as 14C in tissues/mean exposure concentration and as parent compound in tissue/mean exposure concentration
Results and discussion
Bioaccumulation factoropen allclose all
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- >= 1 173 - <= 7 816
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: concentration at day 60
- Remarks on result:
- other: 14C in fish
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.033 to 3.05 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- >= 574 - <= 7 273
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Calculation basis:
- other: concentration at day 60
- Remarks on result:
- other: parent compound in fish
- Remarks:
- Conc.in environment / dose:0.33 to 3.05 mg/l
- Details on kinetic parameters:
- not calculated
- Metabolites:
- not examined
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not done
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of test organisms (out of 30): 9, 4, 17, 24 and 27 at 0.032, 0.1, 0.32, 1.0 and 3.2 mg/L nominal respectively
- Behavioural abnormalities: lethagy, failure to eat, darkening pigmentation and death. Symptoms appeared by day 3 and reached peak by day 16. Severity greater at higher concentrations
- Observations on body length and weight: Reduced weight gain seen at 1.0 and 3.2 mg/l (nominal) dose groups
- Other biological observations: none
- Organ specific bioaccumulation: no assessed
- Bound residues forming a plateau: no data
- Mortality and/or behavioural abnormalities of control: mortality - freshwater controls - 0/30, 1/30, 1/30 (series 1, 2, 3 respectively);
- Loss of test substance during test period: not applicable
- Results with vehicle control: mortality - solvent control - 0/29, 2/29, 3/29 (series 1, 2, 3 respectively) - Reported statistics:
- none
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The whole body bioaccumulation factor (BCF) for a C10-12 chlorinated paraffin (58% chlorinated, mixed with a 14C-labelled chlorinated C12 paraffin) in rainbow trout after exposure for 60 days, varied from 1173 to 7816, based on radioactivity measurement and from 574 to 7273, based on parent compound measurement.
- Executive summary:
In a good-quality study conducted to GLP, the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) in rainbow trout of a C10-12 chlorinated paraffin (58% chlorination) has been determined following exposure to concentrations varying from 0.033 to 3.05 mg/L in a dynamic, flow-through system for 60 days. Groups of 30 young fish were exposed to the 58% chlorinated paraffin, mixed with 6-14C-labelled n-undecane (59.1% chlorinated), and the concentration of both radioactivity and parent compound measured in the medium during the study and in the fish at the end of the study period. The behaviour and mortality of the exposed fish was monitored during the study along with their weight and body length.
In the first series of experiments, no mortality or abnormal behaviour was noted in the control groups (freshwater and solvent control), whereas a dose-related increase in mortality (4/30, 17/29 and 24/30 at a nominal medium concentration of 0.1, 0.32 and 1.0 mg/L respecetively) was seen in the treated groups). In additional studies (series 2 and 3), mortalities were seen in all control groups (1/30 controls in series 1 and 2 and 2/29 and 3/29 solvent controls in series 2 and 3 respectively). Abnormal behaviour, inluding lethagy, failure to feed and bouts of directionless activity were seen in all treated groups, the extent being greater at the highest exposure concentrations. A 60-day LC50 value of 0.34 mg/L was determined for this material.
The BCF values, in the surviving fish, for the C10-12 chlorinated paraffin determined in this study based on radioactivity measurements were 7155, 7816, 3723, 2642 and 1173 at measured concentrations of 0.033, 0.10, 0.35, 1.07 and 3.05 mg/L respectively. The corresponding values based on parent compound measurements were 7273, 3600, 1629, 991 and 574. The general reduction in BCF with increasing exposure concentration may be related to a lack of solubility of the test material at highest concentrations.
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