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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 292-605-3 | CAS number: 90640-84-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the distillation of coal tar and boiling in the range of approximately 240°C to 280°C (464°F to 536°F). Composed primarily of acenaphthene, naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of eight polycyclic aromatic compounds on the survival and reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta, clitellata)
- Author:
- Sverdrup LE, Jensen J, Kelley AE, Krogh PH, Stenersen J
- Year:
- 2 002
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 109-114
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 220 (Enchytraeid Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Fluorene
- EC Number:
- 201-695-5
- EC Name:
- Fluorene
- Cas Number:
- 86-73-7
- Molecular formula:
- C13H10
- IUPAC Name:
- 9H-fluorene
- Details on test material:
- Fluorene
Source: Sigma-Aldrich
Purity: >96%
Fraction in wash oil: 4 - 5 %
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
--
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Initial concentration tested
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Application: Dissolved in acetone
- Method of mixing into soil: Equal volumes of acetone (4 ml) added to all treatments with the test substance in solution to 20 ±0.05 g soil sample,
mixing, followed by evaporation of the solvent for 24 h.
-Vehicle controls: Acetone-treated test soil without test substance
- Chemical name of vehicle: Acetone
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: yes
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Enchytraeus crypticus
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Earthworm
- Source of the initial stock: Danish National Environmental Research Institute (Silkeborg, DK)
- Only sexually mature animals of approximately the same size were used.
Culturing techniques: In petri dishes with Bacto agar, worms mass-bred, kept at 20 ±1 °C under 12:12 light:dark photoperiod, Feed: oatmeal
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 20 ±1 °C
- pH:
- see details below
- Moisture:
- 65 % of water-holding capacity (addition of 4 ml water each)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): Plastic cylinders 5 cm high and 3.5 inner diameter
- Amount of soil or substrate: 20 g soil dry weight
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: 4
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
Artificial soil test substrate: Danish agricultural soil (Askov, Jutland)
- Composition: Sandy loam
coarse sand (0.2 – 2 mm) 38.4 %,
fine sand (0.063 – 0.2 mm) 23.6 %,
coarse silt (0.02 – 0.063 mm) 10.0 %,
fine silt (0.002 – 0.02 mm) 12.3 %,
clay (<0.002 mm) 13 %,
humus 2.8 %
Organic carbon content: 1.6 %,
Soil pH 6.2, no adjustment
Density 1.135 g/cm3
Cation exchange capacity: 8.14 meq/100 g
- Pretreatment of soil prior to use: Drying at 80 °C for 24 h, sieving: (2 mm mesh)
- Stability and homogeneity of test material in the medium: no data (test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substrate)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12:12 h (light:dark)
- Light intensity: 400-800 lux
At the start of the test, 30 mg food (crushed oatmeal) mixed into the soil of each replicate.
The test containers were opened after 7 and 14 d for feeding and water control.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality, reproduction
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: Highest test concentration was determined in range-finding studies, and a geometric series of 9 test levels
separated by a factor of 2 was run
- Test concentrations: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280 and 2560 mg/kg soil d.w. (nominal),
- Initial average measured concentration (% of nominal): 74.8 % - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280 and 2560 mg/kg soil d.w.
Average measured initial concentrations (% of nominal): 74.8 % - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 31 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: original EC10 normalised to standard soil with 2 % organic carbon content
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I.: 0 - 39 mg/kg soil dw
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 55 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 94% C.I.: 46 - 55 mg/kg soil dw
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 27 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- --
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Estimates of the concentration that caused a 10 and 50% reduction of the reproductive output (EC10 and EC50) were calculated by linear interpolation, and the CI intervals were calculated by the Icp method (Inhibition concentration approach acc. to Norberg-King 1993.
Estimations that caused 50% reduction in survival (LC50) were done using probit analysis in ASA/STAT. NOAEC were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett´s procedure (at 5% significance level) after testing of fulfilment of ANOVA requirements using ASA/Lab software.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- based on mortality (<2 % in control) and reproduction rate
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