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EC number: 205-426-2 | CAS number: 140-66-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- In accordance with Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 Annex XI (1.5) and the relevant ECHA guidance documents, the substances detailed in the table below are grouped for the purposes of read across to reduce the need for unnecessary repeat testing on the basis that the substances are similar on the basis of a common functional groups.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.694 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.0-2.7
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Conclusions:
- The read across for 4-tert-octylphenol (CAS: 140-66-9); is based upon the analogous substances to which basic form, degree of substitution of functional groups is not considered to effect the proposed read across for the endpoint of toxicity to aquatic algae. Based on the information available for the read across substances, the substance is expected to be toxic to aquatic algae.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- from 1989-04-03 to 1989-04-06
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Algal growth inhibition test according to UBA (Feb. 1984)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: 1 g of the test item was stirred for 18 hours and subsequently filtered. This solution served as stock solution. The concentration of the test substance was measured to be 7.65 mg/L (determination of TOC). - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: Scenedesmus subspicatus CHODAT (86.81 SAG)
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Original culture from "Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene", Berlin, Germany, subsequently in-house breeding
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: in sterile-aerated Erlenmeyer flasks on light benches - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- no post exposure observations made
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- no data
- pH:
- no data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 / 0.306 / 0.497 / 0.841 / 1.339 / 2.295 / 3.82 mg/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aerated Erlenmeyer flasks
- Initial cells density: approx. 20 000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: not measured
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
no data
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuously
- Light intensity and quality: no data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
Measurement of turbidity of the cell suspensions after 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Chlorophyll measurement: no
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: no data - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no details mentioned
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: not applicable - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance tested
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- no statistics performed
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- On the basis of cell growth, a mean effective concentration could be calculated to EbC50 (72 h) = 1.3 mg/L.
10% inhibition on cell growth was calculated to EbC10 (72 h) = 0.5 mg/L and 90% inhibition to EbC90 (72 h) = 3.2 mg/L. - Executive summary:
Green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) were exposed to several concentrations of Nonylphenol to determine the inhibition of growth in relation to an untreated control culture over several generations of this algae. The mean values of the turbidity of the cell suspensions as a comparison for the cell concentrations were plotted against the exposure time to produce growth curves. From the comparison of the areas under the growth curves, the percentage of inhibition rates were calculated for each concentration. The EC values for the growth curves could be calculated from the present data by probit analysis according to Cavalli-Sforza.
From the derived data of this study the following values were established:
On the basis of cell growth, a mean effective concentration was calculated to be EC50 (72 h) = 1.3 mg/L.
10% inhibition on cell growth was calculated to EC10 (72 h) = 0.5 mg/L, 90% inhibition to EC90 (72 h) = 3.2 mg/L..
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- not provided
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Klimisch 1d. Guideline study with acceptable restrictions which do not impair the overall conclusion from the data
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Stephan et al (1985) Guidelines for deriving numerical national water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organisms and their uses. EPA PB 85-2270
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM (1991b) Standard guide for conductiong static 96-hr toxicity tests with algae. ASTM Annual Book of Standards 11.04:1218-90
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: stock solutions generated with a liquid/liquid equilbrator
- Controls: dilution water control - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: green algae inoculum obtained from Carolina Biological Supply Inc, Burlington NC
- Age of inoculum: unknown
- Method of cultivation: in aseptically prepared standard nutrient media placed in 4L flask, aerated and stirred by magnetic stirrer for 7-10 days.
- Certifuged to concentrate and supernatant decanted. Cells resuspended in small volume of media solution and quantified using a haemocytometer in order to prepare solutions of required cell density. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 16.0 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 25.7 +/-0.2 °C
- pH:
- 7.49 +/- 0.12
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Test concentrations: 7 concentrations (which ranged in mean measured values from 0.0266 to 2.72 mg/L). Concentrations were measured in surrogate test chambers at 0, 48 and 96 h
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 ml sterile nutient media incubated on shaker table
- Initial cells density: 2 x 10^5 /mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
A fourth replicate for the control and test concentrations was added as a surrogate for chemical determinations to avoid removing algae during sampling
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionized water with salts and nutrients incorporated
- Alkalinity: 54.0 mg/L as CaCO3
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod: 16L:8D
- Light intensity and quality: 218 ftc
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: at end of test flask contents were filtered, rinsed, oven dried and weighed. - Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.694 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Flocculation: accounted for
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - NOEC and LOEC determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC for inhibition of cell production was 0.694 mg nonylphenol/L. The LOEC for inhibition of cell production was 1.48 mg nonylphenol/L. No further conclusions drawn.
- Executive summary:
Brooke (1993).EPA.: Klimisch 1.
In a 96-hour acute toxicity study, the cultures of Selenastrum capricornutum (Carolina Biological supply) were exposed to nonylphenol at mean measured test concentrations of 0.0266, 0.0667, 0.136, 0.329, 0.694, 1.480, and 2.720 mg nonylphenol/L under static conditions following U.S. EPA guidelines. The NOEC for inhibition of cell production was 0.694 mg nonylphenol/L. The LOEC for inhibition of cell production was 1.48 mg nonylphenol/L. The % growth inhibition in the treated algal culture as compared to control ranged from 70 to 100 percent.
There were no compound related phytotoxic effects.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for a supporting acute Selenastrum capricornutum toxicity test. The NOEC and LOEC values reported in Brooke (1993) are not comparable toEC50and other point estimates of effects. The NOEC and LOEC information is provided to support the findings in key studies Scholz (1992) and Ward and Boeri (1990).
Results Synopsis
Test Organism:Selenastrum capricornutum
Test Type: Static
96 hrEC50: none 95% C.I.: none
96 hr EC50/IC50: none 95% C.I.: none
NOEC: 0.694 mg nonylphenol/L Probit Slope: none
LOEC: 1.48 mg nonylphenol/L
Endpoint(s) Effected: Dry wt. biomass/Growth Inhibition
This study was selected as a supporting study because nonylphenol toxicity information is presented for a common aquatic plant species other than algae in addition to the algae Selenastrum capricornutum. Results of this study support the finding of Key Study 2 Ward and Boeri (1990).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- September 10 -14, 1984
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guidelines Study, however, test concentrations were not measured
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM E47.01 1983. Proposed Standard Practice for Conducting Short-term Toxicity Tests with Fresh Water and Salt Water Algae
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- NA
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: 100 mg of OP was diluted with solvent
- Controls: dilution water and solvent controls present
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): triethylene glycol
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): 0.1 ml - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: algae
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): lab culture maintained at ABC Labs, originally obtained from American Type Culture Collection Rockville, MD
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 7-10 days
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: none as inhouse lab culture
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- not provided
- Test temperature:
- 24-25 °C
- pH:
- 7.5 s.u.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not provided
- Salinity:
- NA
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0, 0, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 ml
- Initial cells density: 2000000 +/- 10%
- Control end cells density: 900000 cells/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: filtered dionized water with added salts to prepare standard nutrient medium
- Total organic carbon: <0.1 mg/L
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes/no
- Adjustment of pH: yes to 7.5 s.u. if needed
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity and quality: "cool-white" light 400-410 ftc
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): growth at end of test
- Determination of cell concentrations: not provided
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.0-2.7
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 calculated by Probit Method, NOEC calculated by using ANOVA p=0.05
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Study authors make not formal conclusions.
- Executive summary:
In a 96 hour acute toxicity study, the cultures of the algae, Selenastrum capricornutum were exposed to octylphenol at nominal test concentrations of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, and 10 mg octylphenol/L under static in accordance with ASTM 1983 guidelines. The EC50value based on cell density 1.9 mg octylphenol/L.
This study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for toxicity study with algae.
Results Synopsis
Test Organism: Selenastrum capricornutum
Test Type: Static
96 hrEC50: 1.9 mg octylphenol/L 95% C.I. : 1.0 -2.7
NOEC: <1.0 mg/L octylphenol Endpoint(s) Effected: Density/Growth inhibition
ABC Labs (1984) was selected as a key study because it provides EC50 toxicity information on the sensitivity of a common algal test species to octylphenol and it is a preferred study among the algae test results. The test results provide an inhibition of cell growth (EC10) estimate of 0.1.9 mg octylphenol/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table: Mean values of the turbidity of the cell suspensions in relation to the exposure time and test substance concentrations
concentration [mg/L] |
turbidity of cell suspensions after |
|||
|
0 h* |
24 h |
48 h |
72h |
control |
0.3 |
1.9 |
5.5 |
17.9 |
0.306 |
0.3 |
1.7 |
5.7 |
19.4 |
0.497 |
0.3 |
1.8 |
5.5 |
17.5 |
0.841 |
0.3 |
1.6 |
4.2 |
10.0 |
1.339 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 3.3 |
2.295 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
3.82 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
* theoretical value after 0 hours
Description of key information
EC50 for growth inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcaptitata is 1.9 mg octylphenol/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 1.9 mg/L
Additional information
A study by ABC Labs (1984) on effects of a 96 hr exposure of octylphenol to the freshwater algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly Selenastrum capricornutum) was found reliable and selected as a key study. Results of the test showed the EC50 for growth inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcaptitata to be 1.9 mg octylphenol/L.
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.