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EC number: 231-157-5 | CAS number: 7440-47-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2-9 August 1988
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Read-across to chromium(III) oxide. The surface of chromium metal is always covered by chromium(III) oxide, and therefore test results with this substance can directly be applied to Cr metal (and Cr in FeCr and FeSiCr). OECD guideline study. Reliability scoure 1, although read-across, due to the specific surface characteristics of chromium.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
- Report date:
- 1988
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium oxide
- EC Number:
- 234-361-2
- EC Name:
- Chromium oxide
- IUPAC Name:
- Chromium oxide
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Strain New Zealand White rabbits strain HC:NZW, obtained from Interfauna UK Ltd
- Age at study initiation: adults (no details in report)
- Weight at study initiation: 3.1-3.4 kg
- Housing: One animal per cage, bedding with soft wood granules
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Stadard diet "ssniff K 4" from Ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest/Westfahlen, Germany. Ca 100-120 g/animal/day, feeding every morning.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): yes
- Acclimation period: minumum 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20±2 degrees Celsius
- Humidity (%): ca 50%
- Air changes (per hr): ca 10 times/h
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hrs dark / 12 hrs light
Test system
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- other: the untreated eye of the test animal served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50 mg mixed with a small amount of water (volume used in test: 100 µl) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 7 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- 50 mg of the test substance was applied in the conjunctival pouch . The other eye was untreated and served as control. Symptoms were observed for 1, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after the treatment.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing): carefully removed with physiological saline
- Time after start of exposure: 24 h
SCORING SYSTEM: DRAIZE-Grade.
Observations on: Cornea (score 0-4), Epithelium defects (score 0-4), Iris (score 0-2), Tyndall effects (score 0-3), Conjunctiva: erythema (score 0-3) and chemosis (score 0-4), tears (score 0-3)
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: hand-slit lamp / biomicroscope / fluorescein
Results and discussion
In vivo
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal: animals 2 and 3
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 24 hours
- Remarks on result:
- other: Redness was observed in the conjunctiva 1 hour after the treatment In two of the animals. At later observation times (24 h - 7 days) no redness or other signs of irritation were seen.
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Redness was observed in the conjunctiva 1 hour after the treatment In two of the animals. At later observation times (24 h - 7 days) no redness or other signs of irritation were seen.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: OECD GHS
- Conclusions:
- Only slight redness of the conjunctiva of two animals was observed 1 hour after the test, and no signs of irritation were seen after 24 hours. In the evalution, only effects persisting for 24 hours or longer were considered. Therefore, chromium(III) oxide was not considered as an eye irritant.
- Executive summary:
Eye irritation of chromium oxide was tested in three rabbits (Bayer 1988). The test followed the OECD test guideline 405 and GLP. 50 mg of chromium oxide, mixed with a small amount of water (application volume 100 µl), was applied in the conjunctival pouch for 24 hours.The untreated eye of each test animal served as controls. Symptoms were observed for 7 days after the removal of the substance. Redness was seen in the conjunctiva of two animals one hour after the test, but not at the later observation times (24 hours-7 days). No other effects were observed. However, only effects persisting for 24 hours or longer were considered, and therefore chromium(III) oxide was not considered as an eye irritant.
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