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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-157-5 | CAS number: 7440-47-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Read-across: exposure to varoius chromium species. Inadequate methodologies
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Dreiwertige Chromverbindungen - Ergebnisse einer arbeitsmedizinischen Untersuchung; Teil 1: Allgemeines; Technologie; Nachgehende Untersuchung [Trivalent chromium compounds - results of an occupational health study.]
- Author:
- Korallus, U. and H. Ehrlicher
- Year:
- 1 974
- Bibliographic source:
- Arbeitsmedizin-Sozialmedizin-Präventivmedizin.9(3): 51-54.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Dreiwertige Chromverbindungen - Ergebnisse einer arbeitsmedizinischen Untersuchung; Teil 3: Klinische Studie [Trivalent chromium compounds - Results of an occupational medical study.]
- Author:
- Korallus, U., H. Ehrlicher, et al.
- Year:
- 1 974
- Bibliographic source:
- Arbeitsmedizin-Sozialmedizin-Präventivmedizin.9(11): 248-252.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Dreiwertige Chromverbindungen - Ergebnisse einer arbeitsmedizinischen Untersuchung; Teil 2: Krankenstandsanalyse [Trivalent chromium compounds. Results of a study in occupational medicine. Part 2: Disease status analysis.]
- Author:
- Korallus, U., H. Ehrlicher, et al.
- Year:
- 1 974
- Bibliographic source:
- Arbeitsmedizin-Sozialmedizin-Präventivmedizin.9(4): 76-79.
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: descriptive health reports presenting overviews on various observations
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Three descriptive health reports presenting retrospective overvews on the causes of death, health reasons for removal to other jobs, occurrence of unfitness to work, and clinical examinations of workers from a German chromium oxide and basic chromium sulphate plant.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium oxide
- EC Number:
- 234-361-2
- EC Name:
- Chromium oxide
- IUPAC Name:
- Chromium oxide
- Details on test material:
- Chromium exposure at a chromium oxide production plant.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Subjects:
- Workers at a chromiumium oxide production plant (1965-1971).
Age 20 - >60 years
Duration of work: varying from 2 months to 15 years (not presented systematically)
No other details given. - Route of exposure:
- other: all routes
- Reason of exposure:
- unintentional, occupational
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- The authors report on the types of tumour and number of cases found in the workforce, and provide crude descriptions of the causes of death, of the causes of sickness-related pensioning or sickness-related transfer to other jobs, and the cases involved.
Incidences of sick-leave due to various illnesses as percentages of all sick-leaves combined were compared with corresponding figures for the whole plant. These crude comparisons suggested that sick-leaves due to respiratory diseases (infections excluded) were not more frequent among chromium oxide workers than among the workers of the whole plant in general. No conclusions about risks or etiological factors can be drawn from the descriptive data. However, the authors noted that in the spectrum of illnesses, there was no emphasis on the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and that no cases of skin sensitization to chromium(III) (“allergic reactions”) were found.
The third report contains data on clinical examinations of 106 workers from the chromium oxide and basic chromium sulphate production. Among the results are five cases of nasal septum perforations and six cases of pneumoconiosis. However, the chromium oxide workers were not separated from the basic chromium sulphate workers, and for most of the parameters there were no control subjects. Among the workers some had previous exposure to quartz and some were also occsionally working at the chromic acid plant, involving Cr(VI) exposure.
Due to the inadequate methodologies and mixed exposure, no conclusions can therefore be made based on these descriptive studies.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The three descriptive health reports presenting retrospective overvews on the causes of death, health reasons for removal to other jobs, occurrence of unfitness to work, and clinical examinations of workers from a German chromium oxide and basic chromium sulphate plant showed some health effects among the workers, but due to the inadequate methodologies and mixed exposure, no conclusions can be made based on these descriptive studies.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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