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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 236-675-5 | CAS number: 13463-67-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- other: human case
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- other: not rated acc. to Klimisch
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Review on epidemiological data for TiO2 exposure (data considered under IARC review Vol. 93). Review considered as duplicate to the IARC review, therefore not further considered.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc
- Author:
- Baan, R.; et al.
- Year:
- 2 006
- Bibliographic source:
- The Lancet 7: 295-296.
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: cohort study and case-control
- Endpoint addressed:
- carcinogenicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Assessment of the risk of cancer in the respiratory tract.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Titanium dioxide
- EC Number:
- 236-675-5
- EC Name:
- Titanium dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 13463-67-7
- Molecular formula:
- O2Ti
- IUPAC Name:
- dioxotitanium
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- - Name of material: Titanium dioxide
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- other: Occupational and general
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- This is a review summarizing details from different studies:
1) The largest epidemiological cohort study (Boffetta, P. Soutar, A. Cherrie, J.W. et al.. mortality among workers employed in the titanium dioxide production industry in Europe. Cancer Causes Control 2004; 15: 697 -706) considered included workers in the titanium dioxide production industry in six European countries.
2) Two cohort studies undertaken in the USA and one Canadian population-based case-control study were mentioned in the review. - Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- No data
- Statistical methods:
- No data
Results and discussion
- Results:
- 1) The epidemiological cohort study showed a small but significant increase in risk of lung cancer compared with that for the general population; however, the data did not suggest an exposure-response relation.
2) The two cohort studies undertaken in the USA did not report excess risks of lung cancer, neither did the Canadian population-based case-control study.
Overall, a working group concluded that the epidemiological studies on titanium dioxide provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity. - Confounding factors:
- not applicable
- Strengths and weaknesses:
- not applicable
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The authors stated the following:
1) A epidemiological cohort study showed a small but significant increase in risk of lung cancer compared with that for the general population; however, the data did not suggest an exposure-response relation.
2) Two cohort studies undertaken in the USA did not report excess risks of lung cancer, neither did the Canadian population-based case-control study.
Overall, a working group concluded that the epidemiological studies on titanium dioxide provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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