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EC number: 293-309-7 | CAS number: 91053-44-0 Residues obtained by cementation of cadmium by iron dust out of cadmium sulfate solutions. Composed primarily of metallic cadmium and zinc.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Used in risk assessment report for ZnSO4, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Zinc sulphate
- EC Number:
- 231-793-3
- EC Name:
- Zinc sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7733-02-0
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc sulfate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O)
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- No information
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Approximately 98.1 mg of the test material
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Single instillation, no eye wash
- Observation period (in vivo):
- At 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days after exposure.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Three male animals
- Details on study design:
- No further details
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 48 h
- Score:
- 2.7
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- redness
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 72 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.7
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 2.7
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 72 h
- Score:
- ca. 3.7
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Corneal injury was seen as slight dulling of the normal lustre (opacity grade 0) and/or epithelial damage (10% of the corneal area) in two animals. This injury had resolved within 24 hours in one animal and within 72 hours in the other animal.
Irritation of the conjuctivae was seen as redness (mean scores over 24-72 hours 2, 2.7 and 2.7), chemosis (mean scores 2, 2.7 and 3.7) and discharge.
Yellow/white spots were observed in the tissue of the lower eyelid, nictitating membrane and/or sclera in all animals from day 7 until termination. These spots were described as signs of necrosis and consisted of encapsulated material of unknown origin which caused protrusions at termination of the study. - Other effects:
- Reduced elasticity of the eyelids was noted in one animal, 72 hours and 7 days after instillation.
Any other information on results incl. tables
None
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- highly irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Based on the degree and persistence of the corneal injury, zinc sulphate is considered to cause severe ocular irritation
- Executive summary:
In a well-performed eye irritation/corrosion study, conducted according to Directive 92/69/EEC B.5 and OECD guideline 405, three male New Zealand White rabbits were treated by instillation of approximately 98.1 mg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) into the conjuctival sac of one eye. The other eye remained untreated and served as control. The eyes (unrinsed) were examined at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7, 14 and 21 days after instillation.
No symptoms of systemic toxicity were observed and no mortality occurred.
Corneal injury was seen as slight dulling of the normal lustre (opacity grade 0) and/or epithelial damage (10% of the corneal area) in two animals. This injury had resolved within 24 hours in one animal and within 72 hours in the other animal.
Irritation of the conjuctivae was seen as redness (mean scores over 24-72 hours 2, 2.7 and 2.7), chemosis (mean scores 2, 2.7 and 3.7) and discharge.
Yellow/white spots were observed in the tissue of the lower eyelid, nictitating membrane and/or sclera in all animals from day 7 until termination. These spots were described as signs of necrosis and consisted of encapsulated material of unknown origin which caused protrusions at termination of the study. Reduced elasticity of the eyelids was noted in one animal, 72 hours and 7 days after instillation.
Based on the degree and persistence of the corneal injury, zinc sulphate is considered to cause severe ocular irritation.
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