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EC number: 202-112-7 | CAS number: 91-97-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30 July 2008 to 27 August 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-E (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Activated sludge, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant.
The activated sludge was supplied from the sewage plant for domestic sewage in Veszprém, Hungary.
The activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation (10 min) and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in isotonic saline solution and again centrifuged (10 min). This procedure was repeated twice. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 4 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water (see below) and then aerated until use. Before use the sludge was filtered through cotton wool. - Duration of test (contact time):
- >= 27 - <= 29 d
- Initial conc.:
- >= 2.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD/L
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Preparation of the Test Solutions
The components were applied in the following ratio in the test flasks:
The preparation of the respective test solutions with TODI was performed according to the followings: The respective amount of TODI was weighed in directly to reach the required test item concentration of 2.5 mg/L. During the performance of the test the test solutions were ultrasonicated under continuous cooling for < 10 min. to ensure a good dispersion.
Test Item (flasks 1a and 1b):
Based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNO3) of 2.48 mg O2/mg test item (calculated according to equation given in the guidelines), 8.7 mg of TODI was thoroughly mixed into 3.48 litres of aqueous test medium (corresponding to 2.5 mg/L test item, respectively a ThODNO3 of about 6.2 mg O2/L).
Procedure Control: Sodium benzoate (flasks 2a and 2b):
Based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNH4) of Sodium benzoate (1.67 mg O2 per mg) (details on calculation are given in the guidelines), stock solution* corresponding to 24.192 mg of Sodium benzoate was mixed into 6.72 litres of aqueous test medium (corresponding to 3.6 mg/L reference item, respectively a ThODNH4 of about 6.012 mg O2/L). * the concentration of the stock solution was 360 mg/L
Inoculum Control (flasks 3a and 3b):
Only filtered inoculum was added to 6.80 litres of aqueous test medium.
Toxicity Control (flasks 4a and 4b):
8.7 mg of TODI and reference item stock solution* (34.8 mL) were mixed into 3.48 litres of aqueous test medium corresponding to 2.5 mg/L test item (ThODNO3 of 6.2 mg O2/L) and 3.6 mg/L reference item (ThODNH4 of 6.012 mg O2/L). * the concentration of the stock solution was 360 mg/L
General:
Microbial inoculum (2.0 mL per litre) was added to each preparation bottle.
Course of the Test
Preparation of Test Flasks
Sufficient number of BOD flasks was cleaned with 5-10 mL of a wash liquid (2.5 g iodine and 12.5 g potassium iodide per litre of 1 % w/v sulphuric acid) by shaking well to coat the bottle walls. After allowing to stand for 15 minutes, the wash liquid was poured off, and the bottles were thoroughly rinsed with tap water and deionised water. Then, the previously described test solutions were filled into the bottles bubble-free until the bottles were completely filled. Then they were tightly stoppered.
The following bottles were prepared: 10 bottles containing the test item and inoculum 10 (+2 reserve) bottles containing the reference item and inoculum (procedure control) 10 (+2 reserve) bottles containing only inoculum (inoculum control) 10 bottles containing the test item, reference item and inoculum (toxicity control)
Incubation Period:
28 days - Preliminary study:
- The chosen test item concentration is based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNO3) of 2.48 mg O2/mg test item (calculated according to equation given in the guidelines) and on the performed 14-d preliminary test. During the performance of the test the test solutions will be mixed e.g. by mechanical stirring to ensure a good dispersion.
- Test performance:
- No unusual observations reported during the test.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- -4.8
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The total oxidised nitrogen concentration was below the LOQ in the measured samples during the experiment. Therefore, the calculated BOD values were not corrected for nitrification.
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODI reached a mean of -4.8 % after 28 days based on ThODNO3.
The test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable. According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is remvoval of 60% ThODNO3. - Key result
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- >= 0 - <= 0.04 other: mg O2/mg test item (after 7 days, not 5 days)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODI reached a mean of -4.8 % after 28 days based on ThODNO3. Therefore the test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of test item TODI in a Closed Bottle Test over a period of 28 days was investigated. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item Sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODI reached a mean of -4.8 % after 28 days based on ThODNO3. Therefore the test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 C (Inherent Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (II))
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Key result
- Parameter:
- other: BOD
- Value:
- > 0 - <= 6.4
- Remarks on result:
- other: The average percent biodegradability of estimated from BOD and residual test substance were respectively of 0% and 6.4%. MDI and its reaction products with water are not degraded by microorganisms.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- not inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- MDI and its reaction products with water are not degraded by microorganisms. This is in line with the results found for TODI.
- Executive summary:
MDI and its reaction products with water are not degraded by microorganisms. This is in line with the results found for TODI.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1981-10-16 to 1981-12-04
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Japan: Guidelines for Biodegradation Testing of Chemicals by microorganisms etc.
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This test was conducted as Existing Chemicals Survey Program by the Japanese Government.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Standard activated sludge: Sludge was collected from no fewer than ten sites in Japan. The sludge was prepared and controlled in the testing laboratory according to the parameters (preparation method, temperature, pH, etc.) stated in the guideline.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- - Test temperature: 25 °C
- No. / sample / sludge (ppm)
1 / control blank ( - ppm) / 30
2 / sludge+sample (100 ppm) / 30
3 / sludge+sample (100 ppm) / 30
4/ water+sample (100 ppm) / -
5 / sludge+sample (100 ppm) / 30
6 / aniline (100 ppm) / 30
The following six bottles were prepared.
- Bottle 4: test substance (TODA) in water at 100 mg/L
- Bottle 2, 3 and 5: test substance (TODA) in mineral medium at 100 mg/L
- Bottle 6: reference compound (aniline) in mineral medium at 100 mg/L
- Bottle 1: mineral medium only.
Bottles 2, 3 and 5 (TODA suspension), 6 (aniline) and 1 (inoculum blank) with a small volume of the inoculum to give a concentration of 30mg/L suspended solids. No inoculum was added to Bottle 4 which serves as an abiotic control. - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Preliminary study:
- Not described.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 3
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- other: HPLC method
- Value:
- 6
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Results with reference substance:
- % degradation of aniline (7th day): 61%
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODA reached 3 % based on TOD and reached 6 % by HPLC after 28 days. Therefore the test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the degradation product ( 4,4'-bi-o-toluidine) of TODI was investigated over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item aniline was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item.
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODA reached 3% based on TOD and reached 6% by HPLC after 28 days. Therefore the test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
Referenceopen allclose all
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODA reached 3% after 28 days.
% degr. = (BOD – B)/TOD×100= (6.1 mg - 3.7 mg)/90.3 mg×100 = 2.7 % -> 3 %
Whereby,
BOD – B = (No.2 + No.3 + No.5)/3 -No.1 = (4.4 mg +4.4 mg+9.5 mg)/3-3.7mg = 2.4 mg
TOD = 30.0×3.01= 90.3 mg
C14H16N2+ 20 O2 →14CO2+ 8H2O+2NO2
20×O2/C14H16N2 =640.0/212.3 = 3.01
% degr. for aniline (7th day): 61%
HPLC analytical result: main test 4 weeks result
Sample name |
Injection volume (μL) |
Peak height of Sample (A) (mm) |
Concentration (C) (μg/mL) |
Residual volume(E) (mg) diluted to 100mL |
Residual volume(mg) Average (F) |
% degr. |
Standard 300ppm |
10 |
177.7 |
|
|
|
6 |
No.4 Water+sample |
173.9 |
294 |
29.4 |
29.4 |
||
No.2 Sludge+sample |
165.9 |
280 |
28.0 |
27.7 |
||
No.3 Sludge+sample |
168.0 |
284 |
28.4 |
|||
No.5 Sludge+sample |
158.6 |
268 |
26.8 |
|||
No.1 Sludge blank (Control blank ) |
N.D. |
0 |
|
|
(A): Peak height(mm)
(C): ratio of Standard 300ppm
(E): (C)×100/1000
(G): % degr.= (29.4- 27.7)/29.4×100 = 6 %
HPLC analytical result: Recovery test
Sample name |
Injection volume (μL) |
Peak height of Sample (A) (mm) |
Concentration (C)(μg/mL) |
Magnification Rate (dilution concentration) |
Residual volume(E) (mg) diluted to 100mL |
Residual volume(mg) Average (F) |
% Recovery (G) |
Water+sample-1 |
10 |
158.5 |
275 |
1 |
27.5 |
28.2 |
94 |
Water+sample-2 |
165.8 |
288 |
1 |
28.8 |
|||
Sludge+sample-1 |
156.0 |
271 |
1 |
27.1 |
27.2 |
91 |
|
Sludge+sample-2 |
156.9 |
272 |
1 |
27.2 |
|||
Standard 300ppm |
172.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
(A): Peak height (mm)
(C): ratio of Standard 300ppm
(E): (C)×100/1000
(G): % recovery = (F)/30.0×100
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODA reached 6% by HPLC after 28 days.
Description of key information
TODI can be considered to be not ready biodgradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item Sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODI reached a mean of -4.8 % after 28 days based on ThODNO3. Therefore the test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
This result is supported by a study performed with 4,4'-MDI according to OECD Guideline 302 C (Inherent Biodegradability). Here, the average percent biodegradability of MDI and resulting compounds in water were 0% and 6.4%, respectively.
Furthermore, the ready biodegradability of TODI's hydrolysis product ( 4,4'-bi-o-toluidine) TODA was investigated over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item aniline was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item. Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of TODA reached 3% based on TOD and reached 6% by HPLC after 28 days. Therefore the test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
The analogue substance, methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, was determined to be not inherently biodegradable in a modified MITI test according to OECD 302C.
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