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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 700-991-6 | CAS number: 8007-24-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
There are no toxicokinetic studies that have directly addressed the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of Distilled Grade. However, information on these processes have been inferred based upon the properties of the chemical and the results of reliable and relevant short- and longer-term mammalian toxicity tests based on guidance given in ECHA (2017).
Based on the lipophilicity of the different forms of cardanol (estimated log Kow values >8.31for all forms) and their molecular weights (298 to 304 g/mole), the expected rate of transfer of substances between the stratum corneum and the epidermis (which is resistant to penetration by highly lipophilic substances) will be slow and will limit absorption across the skin. The systemic toxicity observed in the mammalian studies are indicative to an extent of absorption and distribution of the test substance.
Given the test substances high measured partition coefficient (log Kow of > 6.2), it is expected that the bioavailability of the different constituents for metabolism will be reduced. Based on the low water solubility and a molecular weight of 298 to 304 g/mole, cardanol is more likely that they will be excreted in the bile rather than in urine. The individual BCF values for the four forms of cardanol, measured in an OECD TG 305 Bioaccumulation study (both before and after lipid normalisation), were <2000 L/kg, therefore, no bioaccumulation is expected.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
- Absorption rate - dermal (%):
- 100
Additional information
The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Distilled Grade, and its key constituents (the different forms of cardanol) has not been directly studied in vivo. However, information on these processes have been inferred based upon the properties of the chemical and the results of reliable and relevant short- and longer-term mammalian toxicity tests based on guidance given in ECHA (2017).
The only likely route of absorption of the different forms of cardanol in Distilled Grade is through the dermal route due to the industrial use patterns of the test substance identified in the Risk Characterisation Exercise. However, the high octanol-water partition coefficients of the different forms of cardanol and their molecular weights along with data from an Acute Dermal Toxicity Study (OECD TG402) indicate that limited absorption via the skin is likely. The irritancy of the test substance may affect the permeability of the skin barrier. Mammalian toxicity studies using oral gavage show that the constituents can cross the gastrointestinal tract resulting in systemic distribution. The substance's low vapour pressure means the different constituents will not be present as an aerosol or vapour in the substances normal use pattern. Thus exposures via inhalation that lead to absorption through the respiratory system are unlikely given that the substance is unlikely to be inhaled.
Data from oral gavage mammalian toxicity studies have shown that absorbed constituents of Distilled Grade can be distributed in the body after absorption based on observed effects. However, it appears that the test substance probably does not cross the placental barrier. Given the physico-chemical properties of the different constituents of Distilled Grade it is expected that bioavailability for metabolism will be reduced and they will be excreted in the bile rather than in the urine.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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