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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-743-0 | CAS number: 7718-54-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment. A detailed description of the scoring criteria and results can be found attached to IUCLID Section 7.10.2- Epidemiological Data, Epidemiological Data Summary and Scoring.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Occupational exposure to metal compounds and lung cancer. Results from a multi-center case-control study in Central/Eastern Europe and UK
- Author:
- 't Mannetje A, Bencko V, Brennan P, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Lissowska J, Fabianova E, Cassidy A, Mates D, Foretova L, Janout V, Fevotte J, Fletcher T, Boffetta P
- Year:
- 2 011
- Bibliographic source:
- Cancer Causes Control; 22:1669-1680
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- case control study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- carcinogenicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Evaluate the risk of lung cancer of subjects previously exposed to 70 suspected occupational carcinogens (including nickel).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- confirmed, but no further information available
- Details on study design:
- HYPOTHESIS TESTED (if cohort or case control study):
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
- Type: Interview / Questionnaire / Record review / Work history / Clinical tests / other: Interview with questionnaire about lifestyle and occupation
STUDY PERIOD: 1998-2001
SETTING: Central/Eastern Europe and UK
STUDY POPULATION
- Total population (Total no. of persons in cohort from which the subjects were drawn): 2852 cases and 3104 controls
- Selection criteria: subjects were excluded if they had other cancers or tobacco-related diseases
- Total number of subjects participating in study: 5956
- Sex/age/race: males and females aged <75 years
- Smoker/nonsmoker: Not reported
- Matching criteria: sex and age
COMPARISON POPULATION
- Type: State registry / Regional registry / National registry / Control or reference group / Other comparison group: hospital and population controls
HEALTH EFFECTS STUDIED
- Disease(s): lung cancer - Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: occupational exposure based on historical data
- Statistical methods:
- Pearson's correlation coefficient
Confidence intervals
Results and discussion
- Results:
- When no adjustment was made for other occupational exposures, including metals, nickel showed an elevated risk for lung cancer.
When adjusted for other metals, neither nickel dust nor nickel fumes showed a dose-response to occupational nickel exposure. This was likely due to nickel's high correlation with chromium.
For nickel dust, odds ratios(OR) for cumulative exposure were:
low exposure: 0.77 (95% CI: 0.39-1.51)
medium exposure: 1.49 (95% CI: 0.81-2.73)
high exposure: 0.77 (95% CI: 0.38-1.56)
For nickel mist/fumes, odds ratios(OR) for cumulative exposure were:
low exposure: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.49-1.54)
medium exposure: 0.81 (95% CI: 0.44-1.50)
high exposure: 1.16 (95% CI: 0.64-2.08) - Confounding factors:
- Smoking, age, sex, occupation, relationship with other metals
- Strengths and weaknesses:
- Strengths:
-ability to adjust for possible confounders such as smoking and other occupational agents
-ability to study lung cancer risk in relation to exposure levels common to a variety of occupational industries
-large number of study subjects
- use of exposure intensity and frequency, along with exposure duration in cumulative exposure
Weaknesses:
-small number of subjects per country limited country-specific exposure-response
-retrospective nature of study can be an issue for misclassification of exposure; possibly underestimated odds ratio
-methodology is not suitable to assess lung cancer risks of different nickel compounds
-high correlation between nickel and chromium; possible collinearity
-low exposure prevalence in women, so no indication that relative risk to nickel differs between men and women
Any other information on results incl. tables
Not applicable
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Study was rated by an independent reviewer.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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