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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 236-068-5 | CAS number: 13138-45-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Does not meet important study design or analytical criteria. Co-expsoure to cobalt, chromium, and other substances not accounted for in analyses.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of nickel and chromium exposure on buccal cells of electroplaters
- Author:
- Qayyum S, Ara A, Usmani JA
- Year:
- 2 011
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicology and Industrial Health; 28(1):74-82
Materials and methods
- Endpoint addressed:
- genetic toxicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Male individuals were exposed to nickel and evaluated for genotoxic damage, such as micronuclei induction and other anomalies.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel
- EC Number:
- 231-111-4
- EC Name:
- Nickel
- Cas Number:
- 7440-02-0
- Molecular formula:
- Ni
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Details on study design:
- Cohort of 150 male subjects; age 18-35 years old (mean age of 25.85 years)
Subjects were divided into 3 groups: Group I (controls), Group II (subchronic exposure; electroplaters for <10 years), and Group III (chronic exposure; electroplaters for 10 or more years)
Subjects completed a questionnaire about the nature and duration of their work, smoking and drinking habits, medical history, and symptomatology list of common symptoms associated with skin, respiratory tract, and dental problems. Smokers, drinkers, tobacco chewers were eliminated from the study.
5 ml of blood was collected from each patient every morning and plasma was isolated.
Nickel concentrations were estimated with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (wavelength of 232 nm).
Epithelial (buccal) cells were obtained from the cheeks of each subject, then fixed and stained on slides. The micronuclei test was scored according to the criteria detailed in Fenech et al (2003). The nuclear anomalies were scored according to the criteria detailed in Tolbert et al (1992).
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Group III (electroplaters with over 10 years of exposure) had the highest concentration of plasma nickel (significant difference) and the highest frequency of micronuclei in buccal cells (significant difference).
Karyorrhexis, karyolysis, binucleated cells, and enucleated cells were more significantly more frequent in Group III subjects.
There was no significant change in the frequency of pyknosis (pkynotic cells).
A significant positive correlation was observed between plasma nickel levels and the frequencies of micronuclei, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, binucleated cells, and enucleated cells. There was no significant correlation with pyknosis (pkynotic cells).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Study was rated by an independent reviewer.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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