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EC number: 200-782-5 | CAS number: 72-48-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 2017-09-13 to 2017-10-20
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 3 April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone
- EC Number:
- 200-782-5
- EC Name:
- 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone
- Cas Number:
- 72-48-0
- Molecular formula:
- C14H8O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Appearance: solid yellow powder
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 10.0, 4.55, 2.07, 0.939, 0.427 mg/L and control
- Sampling method: samples taken from all test item concentrations and control at test start and after 24 hours from fresh and aged solutions and after 48 hours from aged solutions. For each sampling also a retain sample was taken.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: the test medium samples (10 mL) were mixed with 50 μL formic acid and stored deep-frozen (≤ - 18 °C)
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Stock solution: weight necessary amount of test item in volumetric flask and added test medium up to the benchmark, then homogenised by shaking and one minute of sonication.
- Lower test solutions: dilution of stock solution with test medium
- Test concentration: 10.0, 4.55, 2.07, 0.939, 0.427 mg/L and control.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna Straus
- Strain/clone: Clone V
- Source: bred in the laboratory and were originally purchased from the Federal Environment Agency in Berlin/Germany.
- Age: Freshly hatched daphnids less than 24 hours old
- Feeding during test: no
- Breed method: bred as single culture (1 daphnid per 100 mL) in Elendt M4 medium at 20 ± 2 °C in a climatic chamber with 16 hours of illumination and 8 hours of darkness. medium changed three times per week. Fed with single cell green algae at least three times a week
- Condition: pH value of the aerated water: within a range of 6.0 – 9.0; dissolved oxygen: above 60 % saturation; total hardness: 140 - 250 mg/L (as CaCO3), corresponding to 7.8 - 14°dH.
- Young daphnids separation: using pipette
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 13°dH (232 mg/L CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20.0 ± 0.3 °C
- pH:
- 7.92 ± 0.13
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 9.1 ± 0.1 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 10.0, 4.55, 2.07, 0.939, 0.427 mg/L
Measured: 7.40, 3.50, 1.86, 0.911, 0.346 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Feeding: none
- Test vessels: four 100 mL glass beakers per concentration, each filled with ~ 50 mL, one additional replicate for physico–chemical measurements without test organisms.
- Type: covered with a glass plate
- Loading: ~ 10 mL of test solution for each animal
- Aeration: none
- Number of animals: 20 per concentration in 4 replicates of 5 daphids
- Renewal: 24 h
- Exposure to light: none
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Test medium: Elendt M4 medium
- pH-value: 7.91
- Dissolved oxygen concentration: 9.3 mg/L
- Total hardness: 13°dH (232 mg/L as CaCO3).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Biological assessment: immobilised daphnids counted after 24 h and 48 h
- Physico-chemical assessment: test temperature, pH-value, oxygen concentration measured at t = 0 h fresh and t = 24 h from fresh test solutions and after t = 24 h and t = 48 h from aged test solutions in one separate replicate per test item concentration without test organisms
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 100, 10.0 and 1.00 mg/L and control
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: After 48 hours of exposure no immobilisation was observed in the control and at test item concentration 1.00 mg/L. 100 % of the daphnids were immobile at 10.0 and 100 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.72 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.939 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.58 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.911 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Study validity: control immobilisation after 48 hours was 0 %. Dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test was ≥ 8.9 mg/L. The validity criteria were met.
- Biological Assessment: see any other information on results - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Tested at 1.00 and 2.00 mg/L with 20 test organisms per test concentration.
The results indicate an EC50 (24 h) of the reference item potassium dichromate between 1.00 mg/L and 2.00 mg/L.
Since the results are in accordance with the requirements of the OECD guideline 202 and fall within the historical data generated with the reference item at the testing facility, the daphnids were suitable for the determination of the toxicological effects of the test item. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The values for EC50 were determined by Weibull analysis using linear max. likelihood regression.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Biological results after 24h
Test concentration (mg/L) - Nominal | ||||||
control | 0.427 | 0.939 | 2.07 | 4.55 | 10 | |
group 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
group 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 5 |
group 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
group 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
Biological results after 48h:
Test concentration (mg/L) - Nominal | ||||||
control | 0.427 | 0.939 | 2.07 | 4.55 | 10 | |
group 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
group 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
group 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
group 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
Analytical results
Test item nominal concentration (mg/L) | Sampling | Measured concentration (mg/L) | % of nominal | Geometric mean concentration (mg/L) |
Control | 0 fresh | n.d. | - | - |
24 aged | n.d. | |||
24 fresh | n.d. | |||
48 aged | n.d. | |||
0.427 | 0 fresh | 0.441 | 103 | 81 |
24 aged | 0.182 | 43 | ||
24 fresh | 0.47 | 110 | ||
48 aged | 0.372 | 87 | ||
0.939 | 0 fresh | 1.13 | 120 | 97 |
24 aged | 0.755 | 80 | ||
24 fresh | 1.13 | 120 | ||
48 aged | 0.714 | 76 | ||
2.07 | 0 fresh | 1.61 | 78 | 90 |
24 aged | 1.72 | 83 | ||
24 fresh | 2.3 | 111 | ||
48 aged | 1.86 | 90 | ||
4.55 | 0 fresh | 4.21 | 93 | 77 |
24 aged | 2.38 | 52 | ||
24 fresh | 4.29 | 94 | ||
48 aged | 3.51 | 77 | ||
10 | 0 fresh | 9.13 | 91 | 74 |
24 aged | 4.74 | 47 | ||
24 fresh | 9.56 | 96 | ||
48 aged | 7.27 | 73 |
-=not calculated; n.d.=not detectable; LOQ= 0.04 mg test item/L
EC50 and NOEC-values of daphnids exposed to the test item:
|
Nominal [mg/L] |
Actual [mg/L] |
||
|
24 h |
48 h |
24 h |
48 h |
NOEC |
0.939 |
0.939 |
0.911 |
0.911 |
EC50 |
2.54 |
1.72 |
2.17 |
1.58 |
95% confidence limit of EC50 |
2.11-3.48 |
1.49-1.96 |
1.88-3.45 |
1.37-1.79 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 (48 h) for immobilisation was determined to be 1.72 mg/L (nominal) and 1.58 mg/L (actual). The corresponding NOEC (48 h) was 0.939 mg/L (nominal) and 0.911 mg/L (actual).
- Executive summary:
The immobilisation effect of test item was determined on the water flea Daphnia magna under worst-case exposure conditions according to OECD 202. Following a semi-static non-GLP range-finding test with nominal concentrations of 100, 10.0 and 1.00 mg/L and control, a semi-static main test with nominal concentrations of 10.0, 4.55, 2.07, 0.939 and 0.427 mg/L and control was performed. Since he substance is known to undergo photomodification, the test was performed in the dark.
The values for EC50 were determined by Weibull analysis using linear max. likelihood regression. The NOEC was established based on the highest concentration at which the immobilisation is not higher than the allowed control immobilisation (≤10 % immobilisation). Water quality parameters of pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration measured at 0 and 48 h were determined to be within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled. The measured content of test item was between 80 and 120 % of nominal at test start.
According to the results of the test, the EC50 (48 h) was determined to be 1.72 mg/L (nominal) and 1.58 mg/L (actual). The corresponding NOEC (48 h) was 0.939 mg/L (nominal) and 0.911 mg/L (actual).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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