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EC number: 203-481-7 | CAS number: 107-31-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The evaluation of the endpoint gentic toxicity (in vitro: chromosome aberration, HPRT test) of methyl formate (CAS 107-31-3) is based on a weight of evidence approach using the toxicological data of the metabolites formic acid (CAS 64-18-6) and methanol (CAS 67-56-1) (for WOE information, see chapter 13.2).
in vitro:
Bacteria:
Methyl formate was negative in four independent valid tests which were all conducted according to OECD 471, with and without metabolic activation. All tests included negative and positive controls, which performed as predicted. The experimental details are described in the following paragraphs.
BASF AG (1989) tested 20 to 5000 µg methyl formate/plate in the standard plate and the preincubation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA100, TA1537, and TA98. There was no indication of gene mutations and no bacteriotoxicity at any concentration.
The negative result is supported by other studies:
JETOC (1997) tested 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000 and 500,000 ppm methyl formate in filtered air with Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA1535 both with and without metabolic activation. There was no indication of gene mutations. Bacteriotoxicity was seen at 50,000 ppm.
Methyl formate was tested in the preincubation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538 at concentrations of 667, 1000, 3333, 6667, and 10000 µg/plate. The incubation period was 48 hours and the incubation system was sealed during the first 24 hours. There was no indication of gene mutations and no bacteriotoxicity at any concentration (Microbiological Associates, 1989; TSCATS, 1989).
Zeiger et al. (1992) reported that methyl formate (100, 333, 1000, 3333, 10000 µg/plate) was negative in the Ames preincubation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535 both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Slight bacteriotoxicity was seen at 3333-10000 µg/plate. This result was obtained in two independent laboratories.
Mammalian cell mutations
No data were located for methyl formate but for formic acid and methanol which are rapidly formed.
Moreover, potassium diformate, a supporting substance that liberates formic acid in a 1:1 molar ratio, showed no carcinogenic potential in a 104-week rat study, and in a 80-week mouse study.
Methanol: Of four in vitro micronucleus and cytogenetic assays and ten in vivo micronucleus and cytogenicity assays, all were negative for chromosomal aberrations except one cytogenetic assay, which was positive for aneuploidy, sister chromatid exchange, and micronuclei. Thus, most studies indicate that methanol does not have the potential to induce chromosomal aberrations.
In addition, there was no evidence of a carcinogenic potential when methanol was tested in two valid long-term whole body inhalation studies in rats (24 months) and mice (18 months) at exposure concentrations up to 1.3 mg/L, 19 or 20 hours per day.
in vivo:
Mikronucleus test
A mammalian bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus test in mice was negative for chromosomal abberations after oral exposure to 0, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw methyl formate for 24 hours (Kim et al. 2010).
Short description of key information:
Methyl formate did not induce gene mutations in an Ames test (OECD TG 471), with and without metabolic activation. An in vivo (oral administration) and in vitro micronucleus test were negative. In addition, a multitude of assays was conducted with formic acid and methanol (metabolites of methyl formate) in vitro and in vivo. Both substances failed to induce chromsosome aberrations, mutations in mammalian cells, or carcinogenicity in the rat or mouse.
Endpoint Conclusion: Based on in vitro and in vivo data, there are no indications for a genotoxic potential of methyl formate.
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification. Negative results were obtained almost exclusively with methyl formate, or formic acid and methanol, in vitro (mutations in bacterial and mammalian cells; chromosome aberration, micronucleus assays) and in vivo (micronucleus assays, cancer studies).
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