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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-959-5 | CAS number: 7782-50-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Publicly available literature without indication of guideline and GLP
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 985
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Type: tissue toxicitynon-standard studyFemale guinea pigs were shaved and depilated. A gauze pad was placed over the upper dorsum and held in place with surgical mesh. At 8-hour intervals the gauze was soaked with 0.1 or 0.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution freshly prepared each day by dilution of Clorox bleach. Area covered: 5 x 5 cm
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Public available literature. No guideline indicated. For details on method see materials and methods section in IUCLID5 dossier.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium hypochlorite
- EC Number:
- 231-668-3
- EC Name:
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Cas Number:
- 7681-52-9
- Molecular formula:
- ClO.Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium hypochlorite
- Details on test material:
- Sodium hypochlorite (Clorox bleach) Content: 5.25 %
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
For the 0.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution, no significant differences in basal cell viabilities between control and treated areas were noted through 1 week of treatment. However, a 15 % decrease in basal cell viabilities was observed after 2 weeks of treatment. In contrast, the 0.1 % solution yielded no significant differences in basal cell viabilities between control and treated skin throughout the 2-week period. When the isolated basal cells were grown in tissue culture, the cells from untreated areas grew to confluency in 4 to 7 days. Basal cells isolated from areas treated for 7 days with 0.5 % sodium hypochlorite and for 14 days with 0.1 % sodium hypochlorite also were able to grow to confluency, although at a somewhat slower rate than that observed in control cells. In contrast, cells isolated from skin treated with 0.5 % solutions for 14 days were unable to reach confluency even after 12 days in culture.
No significant morphological changes were noted after 1 or 4 days of treatment with 0.1 and 0.5 % solutions. However, a marked epidermal hyperplasia with an influx of inflammatory cells into the papillary dermis was noted after 7 and 14 days of treatment with the 0.5 % solution and 14 days with the 0.1 % solution, which are likely to due to its irritation potential.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Sodium hypochlorite has cytotoxic properties and can affect the physiology of the cell which is caused by a change of pH and/or its oxidising properties.
- Executive summary:
Female guinea pigs were shaved and depilated. A gauze pad was placed over the upper dorsum and held in place with surgical mesh. At 8-hour intervals the gauze was soaked with 0.1 or 0.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution freshly prepared each day by dilution of Clorox bleach. Animals were sacrificed on day 1, 4, 7 or 14. The treated area and an untreated sample of skin were excised and shaved again. The epidermis and the upper layer of the dermis were removed with a dermatome. The epidermal tissue was trypsinated and incubated for 1 hour. The epidermis was teased away from the dermis and minced. The viabilities of the cells from treated and untreated samples were determined. The cells were then plated and incubated for 7 to 12 days.
Tissue biopsies were taken with a dermal punch from each treated and untreated area at the time of excision and were fixed in formalin. The tissue was dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, cut in sections and stained.
A 15 % decrease in basal cell viabilities was observed after 2 weeks of treatment with the high concentration, i.e. 0.5 % sodium hypochlorite. Cells isolated from skin treated with 0.5 % solutions for 14 days were unable to reach confluency even after 12 days in culture, whereas confluency in control cell cultures was reached within 4 to 7 days and in a somewhat longer time in cells for 7 days with 0.5 % sodium hypochlorite and for 14 days with 0.1 % sodium hypochlorite. All other cell samples did not show significant differences from controls.
Morphological changes in cells were observed after 7 and 14 days of treatment with the 0.5 % solution and 14 days with the 0.1 % solution.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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