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EC number: 202-804-9 | CAS number: 99-96-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Environmental findings (natural occurrence) and behaviour
Findings in plants and food (natural occurrence)
Naturally occurring
4-HBA has been detected in plants. It was found in 83 out of 86 tested
plant families. 4-HBA does naturally exist in food. It was detected in
flour, honey, cheese and olive oil (based on many peer reviewed
references in the substance evaluation report No. 164 (BUA, 1996) of the
GDCh-Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance
(BUA)). Details are summarised in the tables documented in the
respective endpoint study record. 4-HBA is part of the metabolism in
plants. It does not belong directly to the metabolism creating or
storing energy but it is an intermediate in the synthesis of numerous
compounds in plants and can thus be found in fruits or vegetable. This
creates a considerable natural background level in the food and the
environment.
4-HBA was found in soils, peat, sediments and compost (based on many
peer reviewed references in BUA (1996), Turtura et al. (1998)). For
details see attached tables (of BUA, 1996)
in the respective endpoint study record
.Further, 4-HBA is formed during the degradation of wood (Haider et al., 1964 cited in BUA, 1996).
Environmental findings in the compartment air
4-HBA has been found in airborne particulate matter in concentration of 66 mg/kg dry mass dust (Cautreels and Van Cauwenberghe, 1976; 1977 cited in BUA, 1996). The authors mention vegetation as potential source.
4-HBA in the air compartment from synthetic sources (manufacture and use of 4-HBA) can be neglected (see exposure scenarios 1 and 2 and overall combined exposure in the Chemical Safety Report sections 9.1, 9.2 and 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3).
Environmental findings in the compartment water
4-HBA is found in the hydrosphere. As summarised in BUA (1996), 4-HBA has been detected in water samples (e.g. spring water, surface water both fresh and sea water) in the range of 0.05 µg/L to 6.5 µg/L. There was apparently no difference between surface water of highly industrialised areas, waste waters and waters left largely in a natural state. Plants, their composition products (detritus) and metabolism of bacteria, fungi and algae are given as possible main sources (BUA 1996).
4-HBA in the water compartment from synthetic sources (manufacture and use of 4-HBA) can be neglected (see exposure scenarios 1 and 2 and overall combined exposure in the Chemical Safety Report sections 9.1, 9.2 and 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3). This view is supported by OECD SIDS (1999). Direct and indirect emissions to the environment can be neglected based on the calculations for 4-HBA done by the authors of the OECD SIDS (1999) evaluation.
Environmental findings in the compartments soil and sediment
4-HBA is found in the soil compartment. See attached table in the respective endpoint study record in IUCLID for details. According to the authors Raina and Goswami (1988) reviewed in BUA (1996), the quantities analysed are mainly attributable to decomposition products of dead vegetable material. In sediments 4-HBA is mainly present in the form of esters (Matsumoto and Hanya, 1980, cited in BUA, 1996).
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