Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 240-841-2 | CAS number: 16812-54-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Four studies characterizing the in vivo toxicokinetic properties of NiS in rats were identified. These studies evaluated toxicokinetics associated with various routes of administration (e.g., oral, inhalation, and intramuscular [i.m.]), and for various durations of exposure (<1 day to 1 month). Most of these studies evaluated the clearance and distribution of other nickel-containing compounds in addition to NiS. The toxicokinetic studies generally evaluated distribution and clearance of NiS to and from various organs (e.g., primarily lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas), blood and urine. The studies only evaluated a single dose and compared tissue concentrations to control animals.
Tanaka et al. (1988; 1992) conducted a series of studies evaluating distribution and retention of NiS in rats following a 1-month inhalation exposure to NiS. Findings indicated that nickel levels in several tissues were elevated immediately after exposure, but decreased to control levels 6 months following exposures. The authors also concluded that the lung clearance rate was inversely related to solubility. Similar findings were reported by Ishimatsu et al. (1995): only 2.1% of a single oral NiS dose was measurable in organs, blood or urine 24 hr after exposure. The authors suggested that the kinetic behavior of Ni compounds administered orally is closely related with the solubility of Ni compounds. Results reported by Novelli et al. (1995) support these findings; in this study, intramuscular NiS administration resulted in systemic distribution and absorption of nickel in some tissues 72 hours following injection. Collectively, these data indicate that Ni from NiS administered via various routes (e.g., oral, inhalation, and i.m.) can distribute to various organs, such as the lung, liver and kidney. However, it is cleared or eliminated fairly quickly. Though none of the available studies alone are sufficient to fully characterize the distribution of NiS, the data when considered collectively provide a general understanding of the toxicokinetics following oral, inhalation or i.m. administration of NiS in rats. However, data were not located regarding toxicokinetics in other species.
For the purpose of risk characterisation, the absorption of nickel from inhalation of nickel sulphide in rats is read across from the estimate for nickel subsulphide. For nickel subsulphide, the inhalation absorption in rats is conservatively estimated to be 50%, compared to 100% for nickel sulphate hexahydrate. The retention half time for nickel subsulphide was twice as long as for nickel sulphate hexahydrate (4 days versus 2 days) in the study by Bensonet al., (1994). The factor of 2 is also conservative based on the relative Ni ion release in synthetic lung fluids (KMHC, 2010). The relative Ni ion releases in synthetic lung fluids for nickel sulphide and nickel subsulphide are very comparable, further justifying the read across from nickel subsulphide to nickel sulphide (KMHC, 2010). Regarding the oral absorption of Ni from nickel sulphide in rats, based on the Ishimatsuet al(1995), the absorption is considered to be 5-fold lower than from nickel sulphate hexahydrate. For nickel sulphate values of 30% and 5% are used for oral nickel absorption under fasting conditions or with food, respectively, which were derived from Nielsen et al (1999). The resulting oral absorption values for nickel sulphide are 6% (30% ÷ 5) and 1% (5% ÷ 5) for fasting and non-fasting, respectively.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.