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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 239-290-0 | CAS number: 15245-44-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 978
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- other: absorption and excretion
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Four infant (2 male/2 female) and four adult (female) rhesus monkeys were administered a single dose of 10 mg (5 uCi) per kg body weight 210-lead acetate by gavage. Urine and feces were collected at 24-hour intervals for 23 days and the amount of lead in each sample was measured using a gamma scintillation counter. Blood was drawn daily from the femoral vein and blood lead concentrations were determined using a modified Delves cup technique and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lead acetate
- EC Number:
- 239-379-4
- EC Name:
- Lead acetate
- Cas Number:
- 15347-57-6
- IUPAC Name:
- lead(4+) tetraacetate
- Details on test material:
- Radiolead acetate was prepared by mixing 400 mg lead acetate and 1.7 ug 210Pb nitrate in distilled water to make 100 mL, then allowing the solution to equilibrate overnight.
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- [210] lead acetate
Test animals
- Species:
- monkey
- Strain:
- other: Mucaca mulatta
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: 5 to 7 months (infants); 7 to 10 years (adults)
- Weight at study initiation: 1.03 to 1.35 kg (infants); 5.35 to 7.8 kg (adults)
- Housing: Stainless steel metabolism cages equipped with urine and fecal collection trays
- Diet: Purina chow, ad libitum
- Water: Ad libitum
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Single administration of test material.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
10 mg (5 uCi) per kg body weight.
- Control animals:
- no
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Infant monkeys absorbed 37.9% of the administered dose of 210-lead acetate whereas adults absorbed 26.4% (p < 0.1). The absorbed dose for each animal was calculated as the administered dose minus fecal elimination for 96 hours post-exposure.
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- The retention of 210-lead and body burden as mg 210-lead per kg body weight was calculated after 23 days. Infants carried a higher body burden (3.57 mg/kg) than adults (2.18 mg/kg), likely due to increased absorption and decreased fecal excretion of absorbed lead in infants.
The blood lead concentrations increased to a higher level, decreased at a slower rate, and remained higher in infants than in adults. Linear regression analysis indicated an inverse correlation between peak and average blood lead values with body burden and percent absorption (peak blood lead vs. body burden, r = -0.872; peak blood lead vs. percent absorption, r = -0.787; average blood lead vs. body burden, r = -0.826 ; average blood lead vs. percent absorption, r = -0.713). These data indicate that 210-lead may have a greater affinity for tissue than for blood components in infants compared to adults.
- Details on excretion:
- Peak lead elimination via feces was observed in about 24 hours in both age groups. Clearance of lead from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was shorter in the infants than in the adults, likely due to the shorter length of the juvenile intestine and the shorter resident time of the intestinal contents.
Infant monkeys excreted less of the absorbed lead into urine (3.84%) compared to adults (5.31%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Fecal excretion of absorbed lead by infants (3.45%) was less than that by adults (13.0%). By 23 days post-exposure, infants excreted a total of 7.29% of the absorbed dose of lead compared to 18.3% total excretion by adults.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The authors concluded that increased absorption of administered lead and reduced fecal excretion of absorbed lead in infant monkeys resulted in greater body burden of lead compared to adult monkeys.
- Executive summary:
Experiments were conducted to measure the GI absorption and elimination of a single oral dose of lead-210 acetate in infant and adult rhesus monkeys. Urinary and fecal excretion of absorbed lead were examined for 23 days post-exposure. Infant monkeys eliminated less and absorbed more of the administered lead. Adult animals excreted more absorbed lead in feces, whereas urinary excretion was similar between adults and infants. Increased absorption of administered lead and reduced fecal excretion of absorbed lead resulted in a greater body burden of lead in infant animals compared to adults. Blood lead concentrations were inversely correlated with body burden and percent absorption of ingested lead.
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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