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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 207-586-9 | CAS number: 482-89-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
As up to 1% aniline can be contained in the Indigo registered, the substance has to be classified for this possible aniline content despite the fact that no adverse effects were noted up to the highest dose levels tested with Indigo containing up to 3% aniline and methylaniline as a sum, or Indigo with aniline and methylaniline each below 1%. Due to the fact that no adverse effects were noted in all studies conducted with Indigo complying to the sameness criteria as agreed on in the SIEF, no DNELs can be derived from these studies and consequentially, any possible risk arising from the test substance has to be assessed qualitatively.
In the production of Indigo aniline is recognized as a substance with an occupational exposure level that has to be monitored. The Senatskommission der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe defined the maximum workplace concentration (MAK) to be 7.7 mg/m³ (MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 2014).Technical measures as well as personal protective equipment are in place to ensure that the workers' exposure to aniline is efficiently controlled. Monitoring on exposure levels is in place and demonstrates that MAK-values are by far not exceeded. Respective data is available at the DyStar production site. According to current knowledge, a health risk due to exposure to aniline therefore can be excluded.
Indigo dyeing is a combination of a continuous and exhaustion dyeing process and the remaining dyeing bath after the dyeing process is not released into the environment but stored to be used in the next dyeing campaign. The standard dyeing machines have 3 to 12 dye-boxes containing between 200 to 1500 L dye-bath each. Dyeing is done at room temperature using dyeing liquors containing max. 0.6% Indigo in its reduced soluble form (Leuco Indigo). During the dyeing process, Indigo is constantly kept at the pre-defined concentration of max. 0.6% in these dye-boxes. Indigo is only soluble in its reduced form at a strong alkaline pH. To avoid contact of the dye-bath with oxygen and hence oxidise the Leuco Indigo to the insoluble Indigo form, these dye-boxes are usually kept in a closed system with an inert gas (e.g. nitrogen) atmosphere. Assuming a concentration of 1% aniline in the used Indigo batch, this would lead to an aniline concentration of max. 0.006% in the dye-bath. Due to the low application temperature and its low vapour pressure at room temperature (0.4 hPa, 20°C; 1.33 hPa at 35°C) aniline is mainly solubilized and does not vaporize (< 1%) into the ambient atmosphere [Lyons et al. Mechanisms and pathways of aniline elimination from aquatic environments, Appl Environ Microbiol. 48(3): 491–496, 1984]. In industrial settings usually there are general ventilation system installed with exhaust fans directly above the dyeing machine. By these, the air is drawn away from the workers' breathing zone. Such installations have proven to be effective and sufficient to exclude a health risk due to worker exposure to aniline. Maximum workplace concentration of 7.7 mg/m³ are by far not exceeded. Furthermore, all workers have to wear suitable personal protection, such as overalls/lab coats, gloves and goggles, as dyeing is done in an alkaline environment.
During the dyeing process, a distinct amount of aniline attaches to the yarn surface and is washed-off during the washing process. After this step, the yarn is automatically conveyed to an airing passage where the Leuco Indigo is transformed to its insoluble pigment form, which is blue. The vast majority of the aniline remains in the wash water after washing the dyed yarn and remains in the effluent after recycling the Indigo and is rapidly biodegraded in the wastewater treatment plant to CO2 [Lyons et al. 1984].
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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