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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 206-761-7 | CAS number: 373-02-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to reproduction: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to reproduction: other studies
- Remarks:
- other: subchronic with evaluation reproductive organs
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Meets generally accepted scientific standards with acceptable restrictions. No information was provided about whether concentrations of the test substance remained constant during the exposure periods. Changes in food or water consumption were not reported. No information concerning behavioral changes. No ophthalmological examinations were performed. No clinical biochemistry or hematological parameters were examined. No urinalysis was performed. Limited number of organs and tissues were examined at necropsy. No information on whether a vehicle was used to generate exposure concentrations. The absorbed fraction of Ni cannot be quantified from this study.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Lung toxicity after 13-week inhalation exposure to nickel oxide, nickel subsulfide or nickel sulfate hexahydrate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
- Author:
- Dunnick, J.K., M.R. Elwell, J.M. Benson, C.H. Hobbs, F.F. Hahn, P.J. Haly, Y.S. Cheng, and A.F. Eidson.
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 12:584-594.
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 996
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A standard Test Guideline was not specified in this study.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- in vivo
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel sulphate
- EC Number:
- 232-104-9
- EC Name:
- Nickel sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7786-81-4
- Molecular formula:
- NiSO4
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel(2+) sulfate
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): nickel sulphate
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- InChl (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Substance type: soluble, metallic, oxidic, and sulphidic Ni
- Other details on test material not reported or not applicable
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
- Age at study initiation: 7-8 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: not reported
- Fasting period before study: not reported
- Housing: housed individually
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): available during non-exposure
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: not reported
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21-25 deg C
- Humidity (%): 17-45%
- Air changes (per hr): 12 +/- 2 air changes per hour.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hr light/dark
IN-LIFE DATES: not reported
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Multi-tiered inhalation chambers were used for each exposure. The chambers had total volumes of 1.0 m3 and 1.7 m3.
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: no data
- Source and rate of air: no data
- Method of conditioning air: no data
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Nickel sulfate aerosol was produced using a nebulizer. The aerosol was passed through a K-85 discharger and mixed with diluting air for each concentration of nickel sulphate tested.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: no data
- Air flow rate: no data
- Air change rate: 10-14 changes per hour
- Method of particle size determination: using cascade impactors
- Treatment of exhaust air: not reported
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: concentrations was monitored by taking three 2-hr filter samples during 6 hr daily exposure. Mean daily exposure was calculated from the filter samples. Aerosol size distribution was determined using cascade impactors.
VEHICLE (if applicable)
- water - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Exposure concentrations were monitored by taking 3 filter samples during the 6-hour exposure periods (1 sample every 2 hours). Target concentrations were 0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg nickel sulfate hexahydrate/m3, or 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg Ni/m3.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Remarks:
- test material
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.12 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Remarks:
- test material
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.25 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Remarks:
- test material
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.5 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Remarks:
- test material
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Remarks:
- test material
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Remarks:
- test material
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 males/10 females/dose
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: The highest concentrated tested (0.4 mg Ni/m3) had previously been found to cause changes in body weight gains and induce lung lesions. Control animals received filtered air only.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 0.45 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Based on:
- element
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No effects on sperm morphology, number or motility, or vaginal cytology were observed at highest exposure level.
Observed effects
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Assessed by independent reviewer
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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