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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 292-966-7 | CAS number: 91031-62-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 982
Materials and methods
- Endpoint addressed:
- basic toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Eight adult male subjects fasted overnight and then ingested lead chloride (with 203Pb) with no minerals and with 200 mg calcium and 140 mg phosphorus. Two of the eight also ingested lead chloride with 20 mg calcium and 14 mg phosphorus, and four subjects ingested lead chloride with calcium only and with phosphorus only. Subjects fasted for 6 hours after dosing. Lead was administered with 100 ug Pb carrier in 50 ml distilled water. Further drinks of distilled water containing calcium carbonate as a fine suspension and sodium phosphate in solution were taken immediately afterwards. Uptake in the gut was measured via activity of 203Pb remaining in the body five to seven days after ingestion (measured using external gamma ray counters) and also by taking venous blood samples 24 hours after ingestion.
In a second experiment, a lamb was injected with lead chloride (with 203Pb) and six days later, the liver and kidney were cooked and served in meals including bread, peas, yogurt, and cheese to six subjects. Percentage uptake of 203Pb was measured as above. These same subjects, on another occasion, drank lead chloride in solution while eating similar meals including purchased, untreated liver or kidney. - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lead dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-845-5
- EC Name:
- Lead dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7758-95-4
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Pb
- IUPAC Name:
- lead dichloride
- Details on test material:
- No details provided on test material.
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- confirmed and informed consent free of coercion received
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: Ingestion
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: Biomonitoring (blood) / External gamma ray counters
EXPOSURE LEVELS: Levels of 203Pb ingested were not reported.
EXPOSURE PERIOD: Single exposure through drinking water or a single meal.
POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD: 24 hours or 5 to 7 days.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- There was a consistent decrease in uptake from about 60% with no added calcium and phosphorus to about 10% when 200 mg calcium and 140 mg phosphorus were added. In the four subjects who ingested lead with either calcium or phosphorus, lead uptake was reduced by a factor of 1.3 or 1.2 with addition of calcium or phosphorus, respectively. Both calcium and phosphorus together decreased lead uptake by a factor of 6.
There was no difference in the mean percentage uptake of 203Pb between subjects who ate liver or kidneys of the treated lamb and subjects who drank a lead solution during a meal of untreated kidney or lamb.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The authors concluded that lead in water and other drinks taken without food is likely to contribute proportionally more to uptake than lead in food.
- Executive summary:
Eight adult male subjects fasted overnight and then ingested lead chloride (with 203Pb) with no minerals and with 200 mg calcium and 140 mg phosphorus. Two of the eight also ingested lead chloride with 20 mg calcium and 14 mg phosphorus, and four subjects ingested lead chloride with calcium only and with phosphorus only. Subjects fasted for 6 hours after dosing. Lead was administered with 100 ug Pb carrier in 50 ml distilled water. Further drinks of distilled water containing calcium carbonate as a fine suspension and sodium phosphate in solution were taken immediately afterwards. Uptake in the gut was measured via activity of 203Pb remaining in the body five to seven days after ingestion (measured using external gamma ray counters) and also by taking venous blood samples 24 hours after ingestion. There was a consistent decrease in uptake from about 60% with no added calcium and phosphorus to about 10% when 200 mg calcium and 140 mg phosphorus were added. In the four subjects who ingested lead with either calcium or phosphorus, lead uptake was reduced by a factor of 1.3 or 1.2 with addition of calcium or phosphorus, respectively. Both calcium and phosphorus together decreased lead uptake by a factor of 6.
In a second experiment, a lamb was injected with lead chloride (with 203Pb) and six days later, the liver and kidney were cooked and served in meals including bread, peas, yogurt, and cheese to six subjects. Percentage uptake of 203Pb was measured as above. These same subjects, on another occasion, drank lead chloride in solution while eating similar meals including purchased, untreated liver or kidney. There was no difference in the mean percentage uptake of 203Pb between subjects who ate liver or kidneys of the treated lamb and subjects who drank a lead solution during a meal of untreated kidney or lamb.
The authors concluded that lead in water and other drinks taken without food is likely to contribute proportionally more to uptake than lead in food.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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