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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 242-522-3 | CAS number: 18718-11-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific methods, non-standard test.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of nickel sulfate on male rats.
- Author:
- Mathur, A.K., K.K. Datta, S.K. Tandon, and T.S.S. Dikshith.
- Year:
- 1 977
- Bibliographic source:
- Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 17(2):241-248.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A particular Test Guideline was not specified in this study.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- fixed dose procedure
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel sulphate
- EC Number:
- 232-104-9
- EC Name:
- Nickel sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7786-81-4
- Molecular formula:
- NiSO4
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel(2+) sulfate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Nickel Sulfate Hexahydrate, 10101-97-0
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- InChl (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Other details not reported or not applicable
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Male rats
- Weight at study initiation: (160 +/- 10 g)
- Other details not reported
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 25 +/-2 deg C
- Humidity (%): 60-70%
- Air changes (per hr): not reported
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): not reported
IN-LIFE DATES: not reported
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- other: normal saline
- Details on dermal exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: The hair on each animal's lateroabdominal area (approximately 4x4 cm) was clipped off and cleaned with an ethanol-acetone
(1:1) mixture.
- % coverage: not reported
- Type of wrap if used: not used, painted on
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- not reported
TEST MATERIAL
- Rats from group I, II and III were painted daily for 30 days with 40, 60 and 100 mg Ni/kg, respectively in the form of NiSO*6H20 dissolved in 0.25 ml of normal saline. An equal volume of saline was applied on the skin of group IV animals, which served as a control.
VEHICLE
- no data - Duration of exposure:
- 30 days
- Doses:
- 40, 60 and 100 mg Ni/kg,
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 8
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 15 or 30 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: not reported
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes, Skin, liver, kidney, and testes were removed and fixed for histopathological examination.
- Other examinations performed: none - Statistics:
- None
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- none reported
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 100 mg/kg bw
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dose is in mg Ni/kg BW
- Mortality:
- No mortality occurred
- Clinical signs:
- other: No clinical signs during exposure
- Gross pathology:
- Macroscopic observations: No gross changes were noticed in the skin, liver, kidney, or testes of rats painted with nickel sulphate. There was
no liver enlargement and the weight of liver showed no significant difference from those of controls. The testes did not show any marked
atrophy or hypertrophy. The colour and weight of testes from test animals did not differ significantly from those of controls.
Microscopic observations: After 15 days of exposure to nickel sulphate, no significant changes in the testes were observed, while mild effects
were seen in the skin (at 100 mg Ni/kg) and liver (at 60 mg Ni/kg). Liver and testes were normal after 30 days exposure in the 40 mg Ni/kg
group, but changes were noted at higher exposures. Skin showed slight hyperkeratinization at 40 mg Ni/kg with more significant changes at 60
and 100 mg Ni/kg. No abnormality was observed in kidney of the nickel sulphate-treated rats at any exposure tested. - Other findings:
- none reported
Any other information on results incl. tables
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- NiSO4.6H2O corresponding to 40, 60, 100 mg Ni/kg in 0.25% normal saline daily for 30 days was administered to the skin of male rats and no clinical signs of poisoning or mortality were found.
- Executive summary:
STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
ROBUST SUMMARY DEVELOPED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER.
Robust Summary of Mathur et al. 1977: Thirty two male albino rats (160 +/- 10 g) were divided into four groups of 8 animals each. The hair on each animal's lateroabdominal area (approximately 4x4 cm) was clipped off and cleaned with an ethanol-acetone (1:1) mixture. Rats from group I, II and III were painted daily for 30 days with 40, 60 and 100 mg Ni/kg, respectively in the form of NiSO*6H20 dissolved in 0.25 ml of normal saline. An equal volume of saline was applied on the skin of group IV animals, which served as a control. Four animals from each group were sacrificed after 15 and 30 days of application. Skin, liver, kidney, and testes were removed and fixed for histopathological examination.
Morbidity and Mortality: There were no clinical symptoms of poisoning or mortality among experimental animals due to the dermal application of nickel sulphate at doses up to 100 mg Ni/kg.
Macroscopic observations: No gross changes were noticed in the skin, liver, kidney, or testes of rats painted with nickel sulphate. There was no liver enlargement and the weight of liver showed no significant difference from those of controls. The testes did not show any marked atrophy or hypertrophy. The colour and weight of testes from test animals did not differ significantly from those of controls.
Microscopic observations: After 15 days of exposure to nickel sulphate, no significant changes in the testes were observed, while mild effects were seen in the skin (at 100 mg Ni/kg) and liver (at 60 mg Ni/kg). Liver and testes were normal after 30 days exposure in the 40 mg Ni/kg group, but changes were noted at higher exposures. Skin showed slight hyperkeratinization at 40 mg Ni/kg with more significant changes at 60 and 100 mg Ni/kg. No abnormality was observed in kidney of the nickel sulphate-treated rats at any exposure tested. Due to a lack of mortality, the LD0 for nickel sulphate was reported as >100 mg Ni/kg.
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