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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 208-908-0 | CAS number: 546-67-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Inorganic lead compounds do not exhit toxicity in acute toxicity tests with experimental animals.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
Additional information
Although lead can exert toxic effects upon multiple organ systems and body functions, this toxicity manifests under conditions of sub-chronic to chronic exposure that can range from months to years in duration. Acute toxicity is not observed in animals after oral, inhalation or dermal lead oxide exposures up to the limit values of acute toxicity testing. For oral and dermal exposures, data demonstrating lack of lead oxide toxicity are available for doses of 2000 mg/kg/bw or higher. No adverse effects of inhalation are observed up to 5 mg/L lead oxide in air. The validity of these findings is reinforced by lack of acute oral and dermal toxicity for several other inorganic lead compounds similar in chemistry and solubility. Finally, toxicity in humans after true acute exposures is limited and, when documented, is generally under conditions that yield sub-chronic or chronic exposures. This finding is not unexpected given the pharmacokinetics of lead uptake into the body. Lead uptake is generally quite low and heavily reliant upon easily saturable active transport mechanisms. Once saturation of these uptake mechanisms has occurred, uptake proceeds by inefficient passive diffusion. The uptake of lead is thus highly non-linear as a function of dose with uptake efficiency declining with the amount of lead administered to a test animal or an exposed human. Although toxic under chronic exposure situations, the acute toxicity of lead oxide is low.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The current classification of lead compounds not otherwise described in Annex I is:
Xn; R20/22 (harmful by inhalation and if swallowed)
and under CLP:
Acute Tox. 4 * (H332)
Acute Tox. 4 * (H302)
Existing classifications for acute toxicity are not supported by the existing data or read across. Acute toxicity is not observed in animals after oral, inhalation or dermal exposures, up to the limit values of acute toxicity testing, for lead oxide. Acute toxicity is not observed in animals after oral exposures up to the limit values of acute toxicity testing for six different similar inorganic lead compounds. Two similar compounds are also lacking in dermal toxicity and in irritancy properties for the skin or eyes. Although toxic under chronic exposure situations, the acute toxicity of lead oxide is predicted to be quite low and does not require classification.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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