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EC number: 231-106-7 | CAS number: 7439-97-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study reliable with restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Combined effects of mercury and hexachlorobenzene in the rat
- Author:
- Lecavalier, P.R. et al.
- Year:
- 1 994
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Environ. Sci Health, B29(5), 951 - 961.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats received single doses of mercury chloride (10.0 and 12.5 mg/kg b.w. aqueous) by gavage followed by an observation period of 14 days. The surviving animals were necropsied at termination of the study, and hematological, clinical chemistry, histopathological and tissue residue analyses were performed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Mercury dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-299-8
- EC Name:
- Mercury dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7487-94-7
- IUPAC Name:
- mercury dichloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): mercury chloride (from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WS)
- Analytical purity: > 99.99 %
- Other: chemical was used without further purification.
No further information on the test material was stated.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Inc., Montreal
- Weight at study initiation: approx. 200 g
- Fasting period before study: overnight fasting
- Housing: individually in stainless-steel mesh cages.
- Acclimation period: one week prior to initiation of the study.
No further information on the test animals was stated.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on oral exposure:
- MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 0.5 mL/100 g b.w. (0.2 % or 0.25 % W/V)
- RATIONALE FOR THE SELECTION OF FEMALES: female rats were chosen in the present study because there was abundant evidence in the literature to indicate that the female is more sensitive gender towards acute toxicity of most chemicals.
No further information on the oral exposure was stated. - Doses:
- 0, 10, and 12.5 mg/kg b.w. (Recalculated for mercury (element) by a toxicologist: 7.4 and 9.2 mg/kg Hg, respectively)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 female rats
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: animals were observed for signs of toxicity on a hourly basis for the first 36 hours after which time clinical observation, body weight gain and food consumption were determined daily.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: Yes
Fourteen days after treatment the surviving animals were anaesthetized and exsanguinated via the abdominal aorta. All animals were examined fro gross changes at the time of necropsy. The brain, heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys were weighed and fixed in 10 % phosphate buffered formalin for histological examination along with pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, lungs, trachea, bronchi, thoracic aorta, oesophagus, gastric cardia, gastric fundus, gastric pylorus, duodenum, pancreas, colon, bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes, skeletal muscle, salivary glands, skin, peripheral nerve, superior root ganglia, eyes, urinary bladder, uterus and ovaries.
- Hematology: blood samples collected at necropsy were analyzed for the following parameters: hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, erythrocyte counts, total and differential leucocyte counts and platelet counts. Red cell indices were calculated. The myeloid/erythoid ratios were determined on bone marrow for the animals of the control group and the group receiving 12.5 mg/kg b.w. mercuy chloride (9.2 mg/kg Hg).
- Biochemistry: The serum was analyzed for sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphorus, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, calcium, cholesterol, glucose, uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A liver sample (2.0 g) was excised and homogenized in tris-buffer (pH 7.4) for the determination of microsomal aminopyrine demethylase (APDM) (Cochin and Axelrod (1959). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 125, 105.), aniline hydroxylase (AH) (Fouts, J.R. (1963), Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 104, 875.) and ethoxyresorufin deethylase activities (EROD) (Burke and Mayer (1974) Drug. Metab. Dispos. 2, 583 - 589.).
- Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Residues of Hg were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (Wren et al. (1980) Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 25, 100.) in the following tissues: brain, liver, kidney, spleen, serum and fat.
No further information on the study design was stated. - Statistics:
- Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test to indicate the groups which were significantly different from the control (p≤ 0.05) (Nie, N.H. et al. (1977). Statistical Programs for the Social Sciences, SPSS, Inc., Chicago.)
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 12.5 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Findings: mild to moderate morphological changes in kidneys, decrease of lactate dehydrogenase activity, increasse in serum cholesterol and phosphorus levels.
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 9.2 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- element
- Remarks on result:
- other: This is the LD50 value for the element mercury recalculated from mercury chloride.
- Mortality:
- No deaths occurred.
- Clinical signs:
- other: No data
- Gross pathology:
- Mild to moderate morphological changes were noted in the kidneys of animals treated with mercury chloride. Changes in kidneys consisted of protein casts, cellular casts and interstitial sclerosis.
- Other findings:
- - Organ weights: weights of the organs were not affected by the treatment with mercury chloride.
- Biochemistry: the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly decreased in animals of both groups receiving mercury chloride. There was an increasse in the serum cholesterol and phosphorus levels in the animals that were administered the high dose of mercury chloride. Animals that received the low dose mercury chloride showed a significant decrease in the serum protein (control: 6.20 +/- 0.43, 10 mg HgCl2: 5.54 +/- 0.61 g/dl) and calcium (control: 10.7 +/- 0.3, 10 mg HgCl2: 9.7 +/- 0.8 mg/dl). No other biochemical changes were observed, and liver microsomal enzyme activities were not affected.
-Hematology: significant decrease in red blood cell count and hematocrit were seen.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: The study was not desigend establish an LD50
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: expert judgment
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, a broad range of toxicological changes manifested in rats dosed with mercury chloride (10.0 and 12.5 mg/kg b.w. ). Organ weights were not affected, but mild to moderate morphological changes were noted in kidneys. Biochemistry revealed decreased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in animals of both groups, and there was an increasse in the serum cholesterol and phosphorus levels in high dose animals. Liver microsomal enzyme activities were not affected. Hematology showed significant decreases in red blood cell count and hematocrit.
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