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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 232-261-3 | CAS number: 7803-55-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- other: Human
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reasonably well documented publication
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Vanadium in the blood and urine of workers in a ferroalloy plant
- Author:
- Gylseth, B. et al.
- Year:
- 1 979
- Bibliographic source:
- Scand. j. work environ. & health, 5: 188 - 194.
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- biological exposure monitoring
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study was designed to examine whether variations in vanadium dust exposure produce detectable changes in the vanadium concentrations in blood and urine values during a workday or a workweek and whether a correlation exists between the two parameters. The concentration of vanadium in the blood and urine of both nonexposed and occupationally exposed workers have been determined by neutron activation analysis.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ferrovanadium
- IUPAC Name:
- Ferrovanadium
- Reference substance name:
- 12604-58-9
- Cas Number:
- 12604-58-9
- IUPAC Name:
- 12604-58-9
- Reference substance name:
- Divanadium pentaoxide
- EC Number:
- 215-239-8
- EC Name:
- Divanadium pentaoxide
- Cas Number:
- 1314-62-1
- Reference substance name:
- 1314-34-7
- Cas Number:
- 1314-34-7
- IUPAC Name:
- 1314-34-7
- Reference substance name:
- Divanadium trioxide
- EC Number:
- 215-230-9
- EC Name:
- Divanadium trioxide
- IUPAC Name:
- 215-230-9
- Reference substance name:
- 12036-21-4
- Cas Number:
- 12036-21-4
- IUPAC Name:
- 12036-21-4
- Reference substance name:
- Vanadium dioxide
- EC Number:
- 234-841-1
- EC Name:
- Vanadium dioxide
- IUPAC Name:
- 234-841-1
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Vanadium dust (mainly V2O5; other oxides may be present (VO2, V2O3); ferrovanadium)
No further information on the test material was stated.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Constituent 4
Constituent 5
Constituent 6
Constituent 7
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- EXPOSURE:
The production of pig iron at the plant concerned started in 1927. In 1956 the production of a refined iron product called "vanit" was initiated. Blowing oxygen through liquid iron causes the vanadium contaminants in the iron to form stable oxides which can be removed as slag. The slag from this process contains 12 -13% vanadium.
After the removal of iron by magnetic separation, the vanadium slag is used as a raw material for ferrovanadium production. The slag is melted in a three-phase electrofurnace by the addition of calciumcarbonate and ferrosilicon. After reduction and separation the final products contains 50% vanadium, 7% silicon, 38% iron, and 2 % manganese.
The workers are exposed to slag dust containing mainly V2O5; other oxides may, however, be present (VO2, V2O3). During the reduction process the potmen are exposed to a mixture of metal and oxide fumes of iron and vanadium. The crushing and packing men are exposed to ferrovanadium dust.
STUDY POPULATION:
Seventeen workers participated in the investigation. In order to look for differences between persons with little or no exposure and those with moderate to high exposure, the men were divided into the following two groups:
A. 6 persons working on the pig iron furnace - none to low exposure,
B. 11 persons working in the slag production on the ferrovanadium furnace and in the crushing/packing department - moderate to high exposure.
(One worker (slag separation) was later excluded from the results. This means that only the data from 16 workers were evaluated.
The daily vanadium exposure of the persons in group B was recorded with personal sampling devices on four successive days. Blood and urine samples were collected from both groups before and after the workshift the first day and after the workshift on the fourth day.
DUST SAMPLING:
The dust samples were collected on 37-mm, 0.8-µm Millipore membrane filters with Casella personal air samplers using an adjusted flow of approximately 21 * min^-1. The filter monitors were mounted in the breathing zone of the workers. The filter was changed every day.
DUST ANALYSIS:
The dust was analysed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with a Perkin-Elmer model 300 AAS equipped with a deuterium background corrector, an HGA-76 graphite furnace, a model AS-1 auto sampling system, and a model 56 recorder.
BLOOD AND URINE ANALYSIS:
The vanadium concentration in the blood and urine samples was determined according to a neutron activation method (Method described in: Allen, R.O. and Steinnes, E. Determination of vanadium in biological materials by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Anal. chem. 50 (1978) 1553 - 1555.).
No further information on the study design was stated.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- There was a statistically significant difference in the vanadium concentrations in blood and vanadium concentrations in urine (p< 0.001) between the two groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the before and after shift values on the first day or between the before shift values on the first day and after shift values on the fourth day. It was shown that for the moderate to high exposure group there was a slight increase in vanadium excretion during the period of investigation (significant at the p < 0.15 level), while the vanadium concentration in blood values revealed no significant alteration. A fair correlation between the vanadium concentration in urine and in blood was found (r = 0.50).
The vanadium excretion adjusted to the urinary creatinine concentration shows slightly higher correlation with vanadium exposure than does the vanadium concentration in the urine (r 0.46 vs. r 0.36).
No or low exposure, mean values in blood and urine 20.2 nmol/L and 3.6 nmol/mmol creatinine. At exposures of less than 2 mg V/m3 , vanadium in blood was found enhanced by about 1.7-fold, in urine about 4-fold.
Normal values without specific exposure are less than 20 nmol/L blood and less than 3.5 nmol/mmol creatinine in urine.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No or low exposure, mean values in blood and urine 20.2 nmol/L and 3.6 nmol/mmol creatinine. At exposures of less than 2 mg V/m3 , vanadium in blood was found enhanced by about 1.7-fold, in urine about 4-fold.
Vanadium in urine adjusted for creatinine concentration is the most reliable exposure parameter. Normal values without specific exposure are less than 20 nmol/L blood and less than 3.5 nmol/mmol creatinine in urine.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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