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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 202-049-5 | CAS number: 91-20-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu./o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1985
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study according to OECD guideline.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 985
- Report date:
- 1985
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA TSCA
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- : A limit test was performed but the highest achievable concentration was approximately 0.4 mg/L rather than 2 mg/L.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1300 (Acute inhalation toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Naphthalene
- EC Number:
- 202-049-5
- EC Name:
- Naphthalene
- Cas Number:
- 91-20-3
- Molecular formula:
- C10H8
- IUPAC Name:
- naphthalene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Naphthalene
- Substance type: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
- Physical state: Solid, but liquid at 101°C
- Analytical purity: Provided as 100%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): None
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: Provided as 100% naphthalene
- Purity test date:
- Lot/batch No.: 5601-56-1, Order J-299
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 1986
- Stability under test conditions: Stable to boiling point (218°C)
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- NAME:
- Name: Hilltop-Wistar Albino rats, (HLA(WI)BR
SOURCE:
- Age at study initiation: Male 48 days, female 62 days
- Weight at study initiation: Males 269 – 290, Females 240 - 265
- Fasting period before study: None
- Housing: 2 to 3 per sex
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum, except during exposure
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum, except during exposure
- Acclimation period: 8 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 – 22°C
- Humidity (%): 30 – 44%
- Air changes (per hr):
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/ dark/12light
IN-LIFE DATES:
- From: To: 2/13/1985 to 2/27/1985 (day of exposure to death)
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: Air, filtered compressed
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION:
- Exposure apparatus: Naphthalene was generated using a Compact Tube Furnace. Seven ampoules containing a known amount of naphthalene were placed in the furnace tube at overlapping times and heated at a mean temperature of 101±4°C. Filtered compressed air was passed through a desiccant prior to entering the furnace tube. This air then entered the chamber holding the animals. The resulting chamber airflow rate was 25 litres per minute
- Exposure chamber volume: 120 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Individually housed in 21 x 12.5x 18 cm stainless steel wire-mesh cages held in a cuboidal Plexiglas chamber
- Source and rate of air: 25 L/minute
- Method of conditioning air: Filtered compressed air passed through a desiccant prior to entering furnace tube.
- Treatment of exhaust air: None
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: Temperature 24°C, Humidity 49%
TEST ATMOSPHERE:
- Brief description of analytical method used: Perkin-ElmerSigma 2000 gas chromatograph (GC) with flame ionization detector. Column 10% SP 2100 on 80/100 Suplecoport. Column temperature 180°C. Carrier nitrogen with hydrogen and air.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes
VEHICLE (if applicable):
- Composition of vehicle (if applicable): Not applicable
- Concentration of test material in vehicle (if applicable): Not applicable
- Justification of choice of vehicle: Not applicable
- Lot/batch no. (if required): Not applicable
- Purity: Not applicable
CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting concentration: Highest achievable vapour concentration - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- every 30 minutes. Perkin-ElmerSigma 2000 gas chromatograph (GC) with flame ionization detector. Column 10% SP 2100 on 80/100 Suplecoport. Column temperature 180°C. Carrier nitrogen with hydrogen and air.
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 77.7 ppm, ~ 0.4 mg/L (highest concentration technically achievable)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days (or other?) 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Clinical prior to exposure, during exposure and daily for 14 days: Weekly weights
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, organ weights, histopathology, other: Clinical signs, body weights, gross pathology. - Statistics:
- Mean and standard deviations for body weights, body weight changes, exposure concentrations, temperature and humidity.
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 77.7 ppm
- Based on:
- other: 100% naphthalene
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Clinical signs observed on the day of exposure included closed eyes, lacrimation and mouth breathing.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 0.4 mg/L air (analytical)
- Based on:
- other: 100% naphthalene
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Clinical signs observed on the day of exposure included closed eyes, lacrimation and mouth breathing.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- 77.7 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- No effect
- Clinical signs:
- other: Clinical signs observed on the day of exposure included closed eyes, lacrimation and mouth breathing. No effects on post-treatment day 7 or 14.
- Body weight:
- No effect
- Gross pathology:
- No effect
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: The toxicity category cannot be determined because the highest achievable dose was 0.4 mg/L.
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: expert judgment
- Conclusions:
- Not toxic at highest attainable concentration of 0.4 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A single four-hour exposure of 77.7 ppm of naphthalene produced no mortality. Clinical signs observed for both sexes during the exposure period included signs of ocular and respiratory irritation. There were no clinical signs observed following the exposure or during the 14-day post-exposure period. Body weight gains were observed for all animals except for one female on post-exposure day seven considered to be non-treatment related. No exposure-related gross pathologic lesions were observed at necropsy. The results of this study indicate that the LC50 for naphthalene vapour in Wistar albino rats is greater than 77.7 ppm, (0.4 mg/L) naphthalene. The 77.7 ppm concentration was the highest naphthalene vapour concentration obtainable under the conditions of the study.
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