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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 232-104-9 | CAS number: 7786-81-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The chamber scarification test for irritancy
- Author:
- Frosch PJ, Kligman AM
- Year:
- 1 976
- Bibliographic source:
- Contact Dermatit., 2:314-324
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- skin irritation / corrosion
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In a study performed to develop a new test for skin irritancy, nickel sulphate was included as one of the test agents. A volume of 0.1 ml of nickel sulphate in various concentrations was pipetted on to a disc of two thicknesses of non-woven cotton cloth. The disc was mounted in a chamber designed for use in tests of contact sensitisation, which was sealed to the skin with non-occlusive tape or Dermicel. The advantage of the chamber compared with the use of patches was that there was no loss of test material and uniform contact with the skin. The test subjects were groups of 5-10 light-skinned, young Caucasians. The test material was applied on the mid-volar forearm once daily for 3 days with readings made at 72h, 30 min after removal. The test was conducted on both intact and scarified skin. The reactions were graded on a five-point scale from 0 to 4 (1: erythema, 2: increased erythema, 3: severe erythema with partial confluency with or without other lesions, 4: confluent severe erythema sometimes associated with oedema, necrosis or bulla formation).
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel sulphate hexahydrate
- IUPAC Name:
- Nickel sulphate hexahydrate
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel sulphate
- EC Number:
- 232-104-9
- EC Name:
- Nickel sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7786-81-4
- Molecular formula:
- NiSO4
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel(2+) sulfate
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- Five to 10 volunteer, light-skinned, young adult Caucasoids constituted a test panel. For very discriminating work "hyper-reactors" were selected; these persons were especially vulnerable to irritants and could be identified by a simple test, namely, elicitation of a brisk inflammatory reaction (severe erythema with edema and tiny vesicles)
by a 24-hour forearm chamber exposure to 5 % aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate. - Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Route of exposure:
- dermal
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- A volume of 0.1 ml of nickel sulphate in various concentrations was pipetted on to a disc of two thicknesses of non-woven cotton cloth. The disc was mounted in a chamber designed for use in tests of contact sensitisation, which was sealed to the skin with non-occlusive tape or Dermicel. The advantage of the chamber compared with the use of patches was that there was no loss of test material and uniform contact with the skin. The test material was applied on the mid-volar forearm once daily for 3 days with readings made at 72h, 30 min after removal. The test was conducted on both intact and scarified skin.
- Examinations:
- The reactions were graded on a five-point scale from 0 to 4 (1: erythema, 2: increased erythema, 3: severe erythema with partial confluency with or without other lesions, 4: confluent severe erythema sometimes associated with oedema, necrosis or bulla formation).
Results and discussion
- Results of examinations:
- The sensitivity of the assay on scarified skin was compared with the sensitivity on normal skin. No details of the results on normal skin are shown. The threshold concentration to produce “just an irritation reaction in 3 days” on normal skin was 20.0% while on scarified skin it was 0.13%. The ratio of threshold concentration on normal skin and threshold concentration on scarified skin was 154. This was the highest ratio among the substances tested, which included surfactants, inorganic salts, antimicrobials, and acids.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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