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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 205-599-4 | CAS number: 143-33-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1989
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study, performed under GLP. Recognised as valid by the World Health Organisation (WHO)
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 989
- Report date:
- 1989
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.17 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium cyanide
- EC Number:
- 205-792-3
- EC Name:
- Potassium cyanide
- Cas Number:
- 151-50-8
- Molecular formula:
- CKN
- IUPAC Name:
- potassium cyanide
- Details on test material:
- 99% pure
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- HGPRT
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Arochlor 1254 rat liver microsomes
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- The dose-levels for the main study were 400, 800, 1000, 2000 and 3000 μg/ml without S9 mix and 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, 8000 and 10 000 μg/ml with S9 mix.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- water
Controlsopen allclose all
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9,10-dimethylbenzanthracene
- Remarks:
- Migrated to IUCLID6: 600 and 700 microgram/ml
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Remarks:
- Migrated to IUCLID6: 20 and 30 microgram/ml
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Cells and tissue culture media:
V79 cells are maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle-medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin and streptomycin, called DMEM-FCS. Two independent experiments each with and without S9 mix were carried out.
Cultures are incubated at 37oC in a humidified atmosphere (90%) containing 10% CO2. Exposure to the test compound in the presence of S9 mix is performed in Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (PBS) which additionally contains 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4 (PBS-HEPES).
Preparation of the Aroclor 1254 S9 mix was according to standard protocol (Maron and Ames, 1983).
Cytotoxicity Experiment.: On the day following subculturing of V79 cells the cells are exposed to a wide range of concentrations of concentrations of the test compound. In the absence of S9 mix, the cells are exposed in DMEM-FCS to the test compound for 24 hours. In the experiments with S9 mix, the medium is replaced by 18 ml S9 mix and the exposure limited to 2 hours. After removal of the test compound and washing of the plates with PBS, the cells are trypsinized and the relative plating efficiency. Three replicate plates are used with a known number of cells. After about 8 days, the cells are fixed and stained with methylene blue in ethanol. The colonies are then counted.
A concentration of the test compound which produces a low level of survival (10-60%) is used as the highest concentration.
Mutagenicity experiments:
On the day following plating, the cells are exposed to the test compound. After removal of the test compound after the specified time, and washing of the cells with PBS, the cells are trypsinized and a relative plating efficiency (PE1) is determined for each dose. The remaining cells are replated and the culture incubation continued until day 8 with normal DMEM-FCS with one subcultivation on day 5. After 8-12 days, the cells are harvested by trypsinization and replated at 1.0E6 per 150 nm in DMEM-FCS in medium without 6-thioguanine for the estimation of plating efficiencies (PE2). The plates are fixed and stained after 8-12 days.
The concentrations of positive controls EMS were 600 and 700 microgram/ml and DMBA were 20 and 20 microgram/ml. - Evaluation criteria:
- For the compound to be considered negative, solvent and positive controls show results within the norm and if the test compound does not increase the mutation frequency 2-fold above the mean of the solvent controls under any condition, or if the mutation frequency is always lower than 20.0E-6, and if at least 1.0E6 cells per condition have been evaluated.
For the compound to be considered positive, the dose-dependent increase of the mutation frequency in both independent experiments to at least 2-fold times the solvent control and at least 20.0E-6 both in the presence and/or absence of S9 mix. - Statistics:
- not applicable
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The mutation frequencies of the solvent controls ranged from 7.3 to 15.0E-6 clonable cells, and were within the range of historical controls (1 to 44 mutants per 1.0E6 cells). The mutation frequencies of the KCN treated cells (without S9) ranged from 0.4 to 14.9E-6 clonable cells, and were within the range of historical controls (1 to 44 mutants per 1.0E6 cells). In the presence of S9 mix, the mutation frequencies of the KCN treated cells ranged from 3.0 to 24.4E-6 clonable cells, and were also within the range of historical controls (1 to 44 mutants per 1.0E6 cells). The mutation frequency of 24.4E-6 is probably related to extremely high cytotoxicity (plating efficiency 0.00%).
Positive control EMS in the direct test, and DMBA in the activated test, caused a pronounced increase in the mutation frequencies, ranging from 745 to 1495E-6 clonable cells, and 333 to 539E-6 cells, respectively.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Potassium cyanide, tested up to a dose-related high cytotoxicity in the absence and presence of metabolic activation, was negative (non-mutagenic) at the HGPRT locus in the in-vitro mammalian gene mutation assay using V79 cells. Hydrogen cyanide (Index No.006-006-00-X) and salts of hydrogen cyanides (Index No.006-007-00-5) are both listed in Annex VI, Table 3.1 of Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, entry 006-007-00-5, and are restricted in comparable ways taking into account physical characteristics. Thus, the assignment of potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide to a chemical category does not result in a less protective regulatory status.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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